Abstract
In brown trout, instances of genetic homogenization after introducing hatchery-reared allochthonous Atlantic strains are well documented. Therefore, mitigation-driven translocation with autochthonous lineages is gaining support. However, when the origin of local donor populations is not clear they should be genetically characterized prior to translocation. Here we present a case study from the Vlasina Plateau in Southeast Serbia, where two drainages, Danube and Aegean, are adjoining. The status of Danubian and Aegean brown trout populations was investigated with respect to inter-relationship and genetic admixture using mtDNA and microsatellite loci. Results revealed a complex genetic structure and demonstrated different levels of introgressive hybridization from the Aegean populations (which belong to the Adriatic evolutionary lineage) into the Danubian populations as a direct consequence of human mediated translocations. While most introgressed Danubian locations showed low to intermediate proportions of allochtonous genes this was not the case with the upper Jerma location, where all individuals were characterized as pure Adriatic lineage of brown trout. Contrarily, Aegean locations from the Plateau are inhabited by pure Adriatic brown trout. Finally, our analysis clearly demonstrates that the biological invasion followed a stepping-stone scenario via the upper Jerma, which served as a local donor population for supplementing other Danubian populations, and excludes the possibility of brown trout invading through physical connections between the two drainages that were established because of Vlasina hydroelectric power plants. Furthermore, evidence of increased stocking in the wider region is additionally supported by the detection of low level introgression with the domesticated Atlantic brown trout.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express their gratitude to Živojin Stojilković and Ninoslav Kostić from the Association “Veternica—Vlasina” DOO Leskovac, and Nenad Lazarević from the Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, for their irrepressible support during realisation of this study. We also thank Anna Nikolić for her comprehensive linguistic help.
Funding
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Slovenian Research Agency (SSB and AS, research core funding no. P4–0220 and project J4–8218; DS, research core funding No. P1-0255 and P1-0237 and project J1-3015). SM was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No. 451–03-9/2021–14/20017), RŠ by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2019–2023/6.V.c National Museum, 00023272), JV by institutional resources of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. DS was additionally supported by the Slovenian Ministry of Education, Science and Sport and the European Regional Development Fund: Operational Programme for the Implementation of the EU Cohesion Policy in the period 2014–2020 (5442–15/2016/18, C3330-17–529025), and by RI-SI-2 LifeWatch (Operational Programme for the Implementation of the EU Cohesion Policy in the period 2014–2020, Development of Research infrastructure for international competition of Slovene Development of Research infrastructure area).
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SM, RŠ and JV performed the laboratory work. SM and DS wrote the manuscript with assistance from SSB and AS. SM, DS and SSB conducted the data analyses. SM organized the logistic for the fieldwork with assistance from DN and TS. DN and TS participated in the collection of data and helped to draft the manuscript. AS coordinated and supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Marić, S., Stanković, D., Sušnik Bajec, S. et al. Perils of brown trout (Salmo spp.) mitigation-driven translocations: a case study from the Vlasina Plateau, Southeast Serbia. Biol Invasions 24, 999–1016 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02688-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02688-0