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Diet After Diagnosis and the Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression, Recurrence, and Death (United States)

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Abstract

Objectives We examined post-diagnostic diet and risk of cancer progression in a cohort of men with prostate cancer from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

Methods We observed 392 progression outcomes among 1,202 men diagnosed with incident localized/regional prostate cancer between 1986 and 1996. Men completed prospective dietary surveys before and after diagnosis and were followed through 2000. We examined post-diagnostic consumption of red meat, grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, tomatoes, tomato sauce, and fish as predictors of progression using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for total energy, age, clinical factors, and pre-diagnostic diet.

Results Men in the highest versus lowest quartile of post-diagnostic fish consumption had a multivariate hazard ratio (HR) of progression of 0.73 (95% CI 0.52–1.02); the comparable HR for tomato sauce was 0.56 (95% CI 0.38–0.82). We observed inverse linear relationships for fish and tomato sauce and risk of progression (HR = 0.83, p-value = 0.006 and HR = 0.80, p-value = 0.04 for a two serving/week increase of fish and tomato sauce, respectively). Milk and fresh tomato consumption were associated with small elevations in risk.

Conclusions These data suggest that diet after diagnosis may influence the clinical course of prostate cancer, and fish and tomato sauce may offer some protection against disease progression.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the participants, without whom this research could not be done; and Mira Kaufman, Jason Salter, and Anne Que for their invaluable help in data management and project coordination.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Urology, University of California, Room A622, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1695, USA

    June M. Chan

  2. Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Crystal N. Holick, Eric B. Rimm, Walter C. Willett, Meir J. Stampfer & Edward L. Giovannucci

  3. Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Michael F. Leitzmann

  4. Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’ Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Eric B. Rimm, Walter C. Willett, Meir J. Stampfer & Edward L. Giovannucci

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  1. June M. Chan
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  2. Crystal N. Holick
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  3. Michael F. Leitzmann
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  4. Eric B. Rimm
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  7. Edward L. Giovannucci
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to June M. Chan.

Additional information

Funding: University of California San Francisco Prostate Cancer SPORE P50 CA89520, Prostate Cancer Foundation, National Institute of Health grants CA 55075 and HL 35464 and Cancer Epidemiology Training Grant 5T 32 CA 09001-26 from the National Cancer Institute

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Chan, J.M., Holick, C.N., Leitzmann, M.F. et al. Diet After Diagnosis and the Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression, Recurrence, and Death (United States). Cancer Causes Control 17, 199–208 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0413-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0413-4

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