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Engagement in Mental Health Treatment Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

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Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to review empirical evidence of the effects of interventions designed to improve engagement in mental health services among adolescents, young adults and their families. Investigators searched relevant databases, prior reviews, and conducted hand searches for intervention studies that met the following criteria: (1) examined engagement in mental health services; (2) included a comparison condition; and (3) focused on adolescents and/or young adults. Effect sizes for all reported outcomes were calculated. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria. Conceptualizations of engagement and measurement approaches varied throughout studies. Approaches to improving engagement varied in effectiveness based on level of intervention. Individual level approaches improved attendance during the initial stage of treatment. While family level engagement interventions increased initial attendance rates, the impact did not extend to the ongoing use of services, whereas service delivery level interventions were more effective at improving ongoing engagement. The review illuminated that engagement interventions framed in an ecological model may be most effective at facilitating engagement. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

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Notes

  1. In this review, the mental health services that were studied included outpatient, assertive community treatment, case management, community psychiatric support, intensive family-based, therapy, and counseling.

  2. The studies included all had adolescents in the sample; some studies included children, but they were only included because they also included significant numbers of adolescents. We included studies with child and young adult participants so long as the mean age fell within this range.

  3. “*” marked in reference section.

  4. In some cases, family level interventions are combined with individual level.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    HyunSoo Kim

  2. Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA

    Michelle R. Munson & Mary M. McKay

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  1. HyunSoo Kim
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Correspondence to HyunSoo Kim.

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Kim, H., Munson, M.R. & McKay, M.M. Engagement in Mental Health Treatment Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 29, 241–266 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-012-0256-2

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