Abstract
Lipase-mediated polymer degradation is a robust alternative approach to conventional methods due to biocompatibility and mild conditions. In the present study, response surface methodology was applied to improve the production of lipase from Penicillium fellutanum by optimization of various process parameters. Under the optimized bioprocess conditions of pH 5.0, incubation time 24 h, temperature 35 °C, and lactose as an additional carbon source in 40 experimental runs, the maximum lipase titer of 1038.86 U/gds was achieved, 2.05-fold higher than the lipase yield in basal medium. All the linear and interactive coefficients (except linear carbon source) were found significant by analysis of variance. The as-synthesized cell-free lipase extract was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and dialysis (2.06-folds, 272.37 U/mg proteins) and applied to the degradation of polyester vylon 200. The biocatalytic action of the enzyme results in an 81% weight loss of PV-200 after 7 days of incubation at pH 7.5 and 35 °C. Different characterization techniques, i.e., SEM, FT-IR, and DSC corroborated the lipase-catalyzed degradation of PV-200. The untreated polyester film had a smooth surface, while after enzymatic treatment, deformities and various micron-sized holes and cracks appeared on the film surface. In conclusion, the outcomes of study display a high potential of lipase as green and ecofriendly biocatalyst for efficient degradation and depolymerization of polyester for environmental safety.
Graphic Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Krueger MC, Harms H, Schlosser D (2015) Prospects for microbiological solutions to environmental pollution with plastics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99:8857–8874
Ahmed T, Shahid M, Azeem F, Rasul I, Shah AA, Noman M et al (2018) Biodegradation of plastics: current scenario and future prospects for environmental safety. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(8):7287–7298
Sehar S, Sher F, Zhang S, Khalid U, Sulejmanović J, Lima EC (2020) Thermodynamic and kinetic study of synthesised graphene oxide-CuO nanocomposites: a way forward to fuel additive and photocatalytic potentials. J Mol Liq 313:113494
Kausar A, Sher F, Hazafa A, Javed A, Sillanpää M, Iqbal M (2020) Biocomposite of sodium-alginate with acidified clay for wastewater treatment: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 161:1272–1285
Rashid T, Iqbal D, Hazafa A, Hussain S, Sher F, Sher F (2020) Formulation of zeolite supported nano-metallic catalyst and applications in textile effluent treatment. J Environ Chem Eng 8(4):104023
Zheng Y, Yanful EK, Bassi AS (2005) A review of plastic waste biodegradation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 25(4):243–250
Mülhaupt R (2013) Green polymer chemistry and bio-based plastics: dreams and reality. Macromol Chem Phys 214(2):159–174
Zaikov GE, Lomakin SM (2002) Ecological issue of polymer flame retardancy. J Appl Polym Sci 86(10):2449–2462
Royer SJ, Ferrón S, Wilson ST, Karl DM (2018) Production of methane and ethylene from plastic in the environment. PLoS ONE 13(8):e0200574
Al-Rawi UA, Sher F, Hazafa A, Rasheed T, Al-Shara NK, Lima EC, Shanshool J (2020) Catalytic activity of Pt loaded zeolites for hydroisomerization of n-hexane using supercritical CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 59(51):22092–22106
Shimao M (2001) Biodegradation of plastics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 12(3):242–247
Loredo-Treviño A, Gutiérrez-Sánchez G, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Aguilar CN (2012) Microbial enzymes involved in polyurethane biodegradation: a review. J Polym Environ 20(1):258–265
Bhardwaj H, Gupta R, Tiwari A (2013) Communities of microbial enzymes associated with biodegradation of plastics. J Polym Environ 21(2):575–579
Suzuki M, Tachibana Y, Oba K, Takizawa R, Kasuya KI (2018) Microbial degradation of poly (ε-caprolactone) in a coastal environment. Polym Degrad Stab 149:1–8
Khan I, Nagarjuna R, Dutta JR, Ganesan R (2019) Enzyme-embedded degradation of poly (ε-caprolactone) using lipase-derived from probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum. ACS Omega 4(2):2844–2852
Vroman I, Tighzert L (2009) Biodegradable polymers. Materials 2(2):307–344
Ahmed T (2018) Biodegradation of plastics: current scenario and future prospects for environmental safety. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 25:7287–7298
Lam XF, Hutmacher DW, Schantz J, Woodruff MA (2008) Evaluation of polycaprolactone scaffold degradation for 6 months in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 90:906–919
Iram D, Riaz R, Iqbal RK (2019) Usage of potential micro-organisms for degradation of plastics. Open J Environ Biol 4(1):007–0015
Mehta A, Bodh U, Gupta R (2017) Fungal lipases: a review. Journal of Biotech Research 8:58–77
Rehman S, Bhatti HN, Bilal M, Asgher M, Wang P (2017) Catalytic, kinetic, and thermodynamic characteristics of an extracellular lipase from Penicillium notatum. Catal Lett 147(1):281–291
Selvakumar P, Sivashanmugam P (2017) Optimization of lipase production from organic solid waste by anaerobic digestion and its application in biodiesel production. Fuel Process Technol 165:1–8
Zhu J, Liu Y, Qin Y, Shen N, Li Y, Liang G, Wang Q (2018) Optimization of a molasses based fermentation medium for lipases from Burkholderiasp. Bps1 based on response surface methodology. Food Sci Technol Res 24(5):757–765
Marques TA, Baldo C, Borsato D, Buzato JB, Celligo MAPC (2014) Production and partial characterization of a thermostable, alkaline and organic solvent tolerant lipase from Trichoderma atroviride 676. Int J Sci Technol Res 3(5):77–83
Niyonzima FN, More S (2014) Biochemical properties of the alkaline lipase of Bacillus flexus XJU-1 and its detergent compatibility. Biologia 69(9):1108–1117
Rehman S, Haq NB, Ijaz AB, Muhammad A (2011) Optimization of process parameters for enhanced production of lipase by Penicillium notatum using agricultural wastes. Afr J Biotechnol 10:19580–19589
Helal SE, Hemmat MA, Khadiga AA, Hassan MG, Mahmoud MA (2017) Evaluation of factors affecting the fungal lipase production using one factor at a time approach and response surface methodology. Egypt J Microbiol 52:1–16
Rehman S, Bhatti HN, Bilal M, Asgher M (2019) Optimization of process variables for enhanced production of extracellular lipase by Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 in solid-state fermentation. Pak J Pharm Sci 32(2):617–624
Kishan G, Gopalakannan P, Muthukumaran C, Muthukumaresan KT, Kumar MD, Tamilarasan K (2013) Statistical optimization of critical medium components for lipase production from Yarrowia polytica (MTCC 35). J Gen Eng Biotechnol 11:111–116
Asgher M, Khan SW, Bilal M (2016) Optimization of lignocellulolytic enzyme production by Pleurotus eryngii WC 888 utilizing agro-industrial residues and bio-ethanol production. Roman Biotechnol Lett 21(1):11133
Asgher M, Ijaz A, Bilal M (2016) Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme production by Pleurotus sapidus WC 529 and its application in lignin degradation. Turk J Biochem 41(1):26–36
Asgher M, Wahab A, Bilal M, Iqbal HM (2016) Lignocellulose degradation and production of lignin modifying enzymes by Schizophyllum commune IBL-06 in solid-state fermentation. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 1(6):195–201
Lima LGR, Gonçalves MM, Couri S, Melo VF, Sant’Ana GCF, da Costa ACA (2019) Lipase production by Aspergillus niger by submerged fermentation. Braz Arch Biol Technol 62:1–14
Amin F, Bhatti HN, Bilal M, Asgher M (2017) Multiple parameter optimizations for enhanced biosynthesis of exo-polygalacturonase enzyme and its application in fruit juice clarification. Int J Food Eng. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2016-0256
Adetunji AI, Olaniran AO (2018) Optimization of culture conditions for enhanced lipase production by an indigenous Bacillus aryabhattai SE3-PB using response surface methodology. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 32(6):1514–1526
Peng H, Tan J, Bilal M, Wang W, Hu H, Zhang X (2018) Enhanced biosynthesis of phenazine-1-carboxamide by Pseudomonas chlororaphis strains using statistical experimental designs. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 34(9):129
Lo CF, Yu CY, Kuan IC, Lee SL (2012) Optimization of lipase production by Burkholderia sp. using response surface methodology. Int J Mol Sci 13:14889–14897
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Ann Biochem 72:248–254
Bhatti HN, Asgher M, Abbas A, Nawaz R, Sheikh MA (2006) Studies on kinetics and thermostability of novel acid invertase from Fusarium solani. J Agric Food Chem 54:4617–4623
Kousha M, Daneshvar E, Dopeikar H, Taghavi D, Bhatnagar A (2012) Box-Behnken design optimization of Acid Black 1 dye biosorption by different brown macroalgae. Chem Eng J 179:158–168
Haider MA, Pakshirajan K (2007) Screening and optimization of media constituents for enhancing lipolytic activity by a soil microorganism using statistically designed experiments. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 141:377–390
Osho MB, Popoola T, Adeleye TM, Adetuji MC (2016) Response surface methodology for optimal immobilzation of Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 lipase by adsorption method. Int J Biol Res 4(1):56–63
Wang W, Yuan T, Wang K, Cui B, Dai Y (2012) Statistical optimization of cellulase production by the brown rot fungi, Fomitopsis palustris, and its application in the enzymatic hydrolysis of LHW pretreated woody biomass. Process Biochem 47:2552–2556
Montgomery DC (2010) Design and analysis of experiments, 7th edn. Wiley India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
Muralidhar RV, Chirumamila RR, Marchant R, Nigam P (2001) A response surface approach for the comparison of lipase production by Candida cylindracea using two different carbon sources. Biochem Eng J 9:17–23
Bhatti HN, Rashid MH, Nawaz R, Asgher M, Perveen R, Jabbar A (2007) Optimization of media for enhanced glucoamylase production in solid-state fermentation by Fusarium solani. Food Technol Biotechnol 45:51–56
Faisal PA, Hareesh ES, Priji P, Unni KN, Sajith S, Sreedevi S, Josh MS, Benjamin S (2014) Optimization of parameters for the production of lipase from Pseudomonas sp. BUP6 by solid state fermentation. Adv Enzyme Res 2:125–133
Kumari A, Mahapatra P, Banerjee R (2009) Statistical optimization of culture conditions by response surface methodology for synthesis of lipase with Enterobacter aerogenes. Braz Arch Biol Technol 52(6):1349–1356
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for financial assistance under the Indigenous PhD 5000 Scholarship Program.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amin, M., Bhatti, H.N., Sadaf, S. et al. Optimization of Lipase Production by Response Surface Methodology and Its Application for Efficient Biodegradation of Polyester vylon-200. Catal Lett 151, 3603–3616 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-021-03603-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-021-03603-x