Abstract
A data center network (DCN) plays a crucial role in data center communications and provides the infrastructure for cloud computing services and data-intensive applications in a cloud data center. Network performance is determined by DCN architecture, whose effective design critically depends on ensuring low cost, high availability, and high scalability. Currently, DCNs face undesirable trade-off between high availability, scalability and performance. In this paper, first, we propose a hybrid projective plane-based DCN architecture called the recursive projective plane (RP2). RP2 is underlain by the use of multi-port servers and mini-switches in DCN development and the application of a recursive method for scaling up a data center. It deals with the construction and properties of combinatorial designs with arrangements that satisfy the concepts of an efficient DCN. Then, we propose single-path and multi-path routing algorithms for RP2. Theoretical analysis indicates that RP2 provides a scalable architecture with a low diameter, wherein the maximum shortest distance between any pair of servers can be limited by level of extension. An empirical simulation that compares BCube, DCell, and RP2 indicates that under 0–20% server failure, RP2 exhibits efficient fault tolerance. Despite the higher cost and wiring complexity of RP2, it constitutes a high-performance and highly scalable DCN architecture.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Analyst briefing: Global cloud computing market: 270 billion by 2020 (2015). http://www.cloudcomputingmarket.com/
Mearian, L.: By 2020, there will be 5,200 GB of data for every person on Earth, Computerworld website, article 2493701 (2012). http://www.computerworld.com/article/2493701/data-center/by-2020--there-will-be-5-200-gb-of-data-for-every-person-on-earth.html
Chen, T., Gao, X., Chen, G.: The features, hardware, and architectures of data center networks: a survey. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 96, 45–74 (2016)
Wang, B., Qi, Z., Ma, R., Guan, H., Vasilakos, A.V.: A survey on data center networking for cloud computing. Comput. Netw. 91, 528–547 (2015)
Li, D., Shen, Y., Li, K.: FleCube: a flexibly-connected architecture of data center networks on multi-port servers. Comput. Commun. 77, 62–71 (2016)
Sreekumari, P., Jung, J., Lee, M.: A simple and efficient approach for reducing TCP timeouts due to lack of duplicate acknowledgments in data center networks. Clust. Comput. 19(2), 633–645 (2016)
Tian, W., Zhao, Y.: Optimized cloud resource management and scheduling theory and practice, pp. 51–77. Morgan Kaufmann, Waltham (2015). ISBN: 978-0-12-801476-9
Wang, T., Su, Z., Xia, Y., Hamdi, M.: Rethinking the data center networking: architecture, network protocols, and resource sharing. IEEE Access 2, 1481–1496 (2014)
Liu, Y., Muppala, J.K., Veeraraghavan, M., Lin, D., Hamdi, M.: Data Center Networks: Topologies, Architectures and Fault-Tolerance Characteristics. Springer Briefs in Computer Science. Springer, Cham (2013)
Qi, H., Shiraz, M., Gani, A., Whaiduzzaman, M.D., Khan, S.: Sierpinski triangle based data center architecture in cloud computing. J. Supercomput. 69(2), 887–907 (2014)
Guo, C., Lu, G., Li, D., Wu, H., Zhang, X., Shi, Y., Tian, C., Zhang, Y., Lu, S.: Bcube: a high performance, server-centric network architecture for modular data centers. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 39, 63–74 (2009)
Sun’s Modular Datacenter. http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E1911501/mod.dc.s20/index.html
IBM Portable modular data center. http://www935.ibm.com/services/us/en/it-services/data-center/it-facilitiesassessment-design-and-construction-services-portable-modular-datacenter/index.html
Asghari, V., Farrahi Moghaddam, R., Cheriet, M.: Performance analysis of modified BCube topologies for virtualized data center networks. Comput. Commun. 96, 52–61 (2016)
Dzmitry Kliazovich, D., Bouvry, P., Ullah Khan, S.: DENS: data center energy-efficient network-aware scheduling. Clust. Comput. 16(1), 65–75 (2013)
Hammadi, A., Mhamdi, L.: A survey on architectures and energy efficiency in data center networks. Comput. Commun. 40, 1–21 (2014)
Greenberg, A., Hamilton, J.R., Jain, N., Kandula, S., Kim, C., Lahiri, P., Maltz, D.A., Patel, P., Sengupta, S.: Vl2: a scalable and flexible data center network. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 39, 51–62 (2009)
Niranjan, R., Mysore, A., Pamboris, N., Farrington, N., Huang, P., Miri, S., Radhakrishna, V., Subramanya, A., Vahdat, A.: Portland: a scalable fault-tolerant layer data center network fabric. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 39(4), 39–50 (2009)
Al-Fares, M., Loukissas, A., Vahdat, A.: A scalable, commodity data center network architecture. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 38, 63–74 (2008)
Costa, P., Donnelly, A., O’Shea, G., Rowstron, A.: CamCubeOS: a key-based network stack for 3D Torus cluster topologies. In: The 22nd ACM International Symposium on High Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing (HPDC’13), ACM Press, New York, pp. 73–84 (2013)
Guo, C., Wu, H., Tan, K., Shi, L., Zhang, Y., Lu, S.: Dcell: a scalable and fault-tolerant network structure for data centers. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 38, 75–86 (2008)
Li, D., Guo, C., Wu, H., Tan, K., Zhang, Y., Lu, S.: Ficonn: using backup port for server interconnection in data centers. In: IEEE INFOCOM. IEEE, pp. 2276–2285 (2009)
Wang, T., Su, Z., Xia, Y., Muppala, J., Hamdi, M.: Designing efficient high performance server-centric data center network architecture. Comput. Netw. 79, 283–296 (2015)
Dukes, P., Lamken, E., Wilson, R.: Combinatorial Design Theory. Banff International Research Station for Mathematical Innovation and Discovery, Banff (2008)
Stinson, D.R.: Combinatorial Designs: Constructions and Analysis. Springer, New York (2003)
Gross, J.L.: Combinatorial Methods with Computer Applications (Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications), 1st edn. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Hoboken (2007). ISBN-10: 1584887435
Grimaldi, R.P.: Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics: An Applied Introduction, 5th edn. Pearson Education, Harlow (2006). ISBN: 9788177584240
Colbourn, C.J.P., Dinitz, J.H.: Handbook of Combinatorial Designs, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2006). ISBN-10: 1584885068
Hirschfeld, J. Projective Geometries Over Finite Fields, 2nd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1998). ISBN-10: 0198502958
Arista Networks, Data Center Class: Scaling Data Center Networks (2016). https://www.arista.com/assets/data/pdf/Network_Scalability_AAG.pdf
Greenberg, A., Hamilton, J., Maltz, D.A., Patel, P.: The cost of a cloud: research problems in data center networks. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 39(1), 68–73 (2009)
Knuth, D.: A generalization of Dijkstra’s algorithm. Info. Proc. Lett. 6(1), 1–5 (1977)
Akhter, N., Othman, M.: Energy aware resource allocation of cloud data center: review and open issues. Clust. Comput. 19(3), 1163–1182 (2016)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kashefi, A.H., Mohammad-Khanli, L. & Soltankhah, N. RP2: a high-performance data center network architecture using projective planes. Cluster Comput 20, 3499–3513 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-017-1024-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-017-1024-z