Abstract
When psychiatric hospitalization is over-used, it represents a financial drain and failure of care. We evaluated implementation and cessation of transporting people medically certified for psychiatric hospitalization to a central psychiatric emergency service for management and re-evaluation of hospitalization need. After implementation, the hospitalization rate declined 89 % for 346 transported patients; only four of the nonhospitalized patients presented in crisis again in the next 30 days. Following cessation, the hospitalization rate jumped 59 % compared to the preceding year. Costs declined 78.7 % per diverted patient. The findings indicate that it is possible to reduce hospitalization and costs, and maintain quality care.
References
Arfken, C. L., Zeman, L. L., & Koch, A. (2006). Perceived impact by administrators of psychiatric emergency services after changes in a state’s mental health system. Community Mental Health Journal, 42(3), 281–290. doi:10.1007/s10597-006-9035-x.
Barbee, J. G., Clark, P. D., Crapanzano, M. S., Heintz, G. C., & Kehoe, C. E. (1989). Alcohol and substance abuse among schizophrenic patients presenting to an emergency psychiatric service. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 177(7), 400–407.
Brasch, J., Glick, R. L., Cobb, T. G., & Richmond, J. (2004). Residency training in emergency psychiatry: A model curriculum developed by the Education Committee of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry. Academic Psychiatry, 28(2), 95–103. doi:10.1176/appi.ap.28.2.95.
Doran, K. M., Raven, M. C., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2013). What drives frequent emergency department use in an integrated health system? National data from the Veterans Health Administration. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 63(2), 9. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.02.016.
Fernald, D. H., Coombs, L., DeAlleaume, L., West, D., & Parnes, B. (2012). An assessment of the Hawthorne Effect in practice-based research. Journal of American Board of Family Medicine, 25(1), 83–86. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2012.01.110019.
Koranyi, E. K. (1979). Morbidity and rate of undiagnosed physical illnesses in a psychiatric clinic population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36(4), 414–419. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780040056006.
Lee, T. W., Renaud, E. F., & Hills, O. F. (2003). Emergency psychiatry: An emergency treatment hub-and-spoke model for psychiatric emergency services. Psychiatric Services, 54(12), 1590–1594. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.54-12.1590.
Lieberman, J. A., Dixon, L. B., & Goldman, H. H. (2013). Early detection and intervention in schizophrenia. A new therapeutic model. Journal of the American Medical Association, 3010(7), 680–690. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.8804.
Mendoza, R. (1999). The vicissitudes of emergency psychiatry: A service systems perspective. New Directions for Mental Health Services, 82, 3–8. doi:10.1002/yd.23319998203.
Miller, N. S., Sheppard, L. M., Colenda, C. C., & Magen, J. (2001). Why physicians are unprepared to treat patients who have alcohol- and drug-related disorders. Academic Medicine, 7, 410–418.
Mulder, C. L., Koopmans, G. T., & Lyons, J. S. (2005). The admission process untangled: Determinants of indicated versus actual level of care in psychiatric emergency services. Psychiatric Services, 56(4), 452–457. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.4.452.
Sharfstein, S. S., & Dickerson, F. B. (2009). Hospital psychiatry for the twenty-first century. Health Affairs, 3, 685–688. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.3.685.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2009). Practice guidelines: core elements for responding to mental health crises. HHS Pub. No. SMA-09-4427. Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services.
World Health Organization (1996). Mental health care law: Ten basic principles. With annotations suggesting selected actions to promote their implementation division of mental health and prevention of substance abuse, Geneva. Accessed 17 September 2013. http://www.who.int/mental_health/media/en/75.pdf.
Yohanna, D., Christopher, N. J., Lyons, J. S., Miller, S. I., Slomowitz, M., & Bultema, J. K. (1998). Characteristics of short-stay admissions to a psychiatric inpatient service. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 25(3), 337–345.
Conflict of interest
This study was funded in part by the Lyckai-Young funds from the State of Michigan, Detroit Wayne Mental Health Authority, and Gateway Community Health.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amirsadri, A., Mischel, E., Haddad, L. et al. Intervention to Reduce Inpatient Psychiatric Admission in a Metropolitan City. Community Ment Health J 51, 185–189 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-014-9735-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-014-9735-6