Abstract
Background
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is considered to be an important transdiagnostic factor in the onset, course and recurrence of both depressive and anxiety disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether an add-on group intervention ‘Drop it’, compared to treatment as usual, would improve RNT, anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as quality of life and self-esteem of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and/or Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).
Methods
Eighty patients were randomly allocated to 8 sessions of group intervention (n = 45) or a delayed treatment control group (n = 35). Both conditions continued their ongoing mental health care. Assessments took place before randomization, 12 weeks later (after group intervention) and at 3- and 9- months follow-up.
Results
Although all outcomes improved after the intervention, only the uncontrollability of rumination, worrying, distancing oneself from one’s thoughts, and quality of life remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction compared to the delayed treatment control group.
Conclusions
Group intervention improves RNT and quality of life of patients treated for MDD and/or GAD. Improvements remain stable until 9 months after treatment. Limitations of the study included the small sample size, the lack of a long-term follow-up in the delayed treatment control group and the inclusion of highly educated patients with mainly high comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and depression.
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Notes
The data of the Dutch Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES-NL; Franck et al., 2008) had to be omitted from the analyses due to problems with the online data collection and scoring. The data of the Temperament and Character Inventory will be reported elsewhere.
We recalculated the correction using the Benjamini–Hochberg test, and the significant results remained the same. In light of this, we preferred to keep the most conservative Bonferroni test.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Eva Buytaert, Evi De Lissnyder and Marianne Hendrickx for their contribution to the concept of training, and the manual for participants and trainers. We also wish to express our gratitude to all the participants of the training for their commitment, without whom this study would have been impossible.
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Conceptualization of the training: RR, DVdA, GL, CB. Training performed by RR, DVdA, Material preparation performed by RR & DVdA. Data collection was performed and edited by RR. Methodology and Analysis were performed by RC, review and editing by GL, CB, RdR and RR. Writing: the first draft of the manuscript was written by RR. Review and editing: GL, CB, RdR, EW, DvdA and JR. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Roland Rogiers, Chris Baeken, Dirk Van den Abbeele, Edward R. Watkins, Jonathan Remue, Roos Colman, Rudi De Raedt and Gilbert M. D. Lemmens declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D. et al. Group Intervention ‘Drop it!’ Decreases Repetitive Negative Thinking in Major Depressive Disorder and/or Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomised Controlled Study. Cogn Ther Res 46, 182–196 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10240-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10240-6