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Habitat potential modelling and mapping of Teucrium polium using machine learning techniques

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Abstract

Determining suitable habitats is important for the successful management and conservation of plant and wildlife species. Teucrium polium L. is a wild plant species found in Iran. It is widely used to treat numerous health problems. The range of this plant is shrinking due to habitat destruction and overexploitation. Therefore, habitat suitability (HS) modeling is critical for conservation. HS modeling can also identify the key characteristics of habitats that support this species. This study models the habitats of T. polium using five data mining models: random forest (RF), flexible discriminant analysis (FDA), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), support vector machine (SVM), and generalized linear model (GLM). A total of 119 T. poliumlocations were identified and mapped. According to the RF model, the most important factors describing T. polium habitat were elevation, soil texture, and mean annual rainfall. HS maps (HSMs) were prepared, and habitat suitability was classified as low, medium, high, or very high. The percentages of the study area assigned high or very high suitability ratings by each of the models were 44.62% for FDA, 43.75% for GLM, 43.12% for SVM, 38.91% for RF, 28.72% for MARS, and 39.16% for their ensemble. Although the six models were reasonably accurate, the ensemble model had the highest AUC value, demonstrating a strong predictive performance. The rank order of the other models in this regard is RF, MARS, SVM, FDA, and GLM. HSMs can provide useful output to support the sustainable management of rangelands, reclamation, and land protection.

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Data availability

The data used in this study are available for researchers upon request to the corresponding author for reasonable use in the research.

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Funding

This research was supported by the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University (Grant No. 99GRC1M271143).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Lab, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran

    Soroor Rahmanian & Sahar Karami

  2. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441, 65186, Shiraz, Iran

    Hamid Reza Pourghasemi & Soheila Pouyan

Authors
  1. Soroor Rahmanian
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  2. Hamid Reza Pourghasemi
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  3. Soheila Pouyan
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  4. Sahar Karami
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Contributions

SR, HRP, SP, and SR designed the experiments, ran models, analyzed the results, and wrote and reviewed the manuscript. All authors reviewed the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hamid Reza Pourghasemi.

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Rahmanian, S., Pourghasemi, H.R., Pouyan, S. et al. Habitat potential modelling and mapping of Teucrium polium using machine learning techniques. Environ Monit Assess 193, 759 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09551-8

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