Summary
The performance of a cellular phone commercial helical antenna at 900~MHz band, both in free space and in the presence of a human head phantom was studied. Numerical simulation of the phone model for the latter case has been performed giving 3D radiation diagrams. The effect of the phantom head on radiation diagrams is presented. The relative amount of the EM power absorbed in the head was obtained for several distances of the phone. Measurements were carried out in a RF anechoic chamber using standard horn antennas and a calibrated measuring system. Absolute radiation patterns of the antenna gain were obtained in the three principal planes. Significant reduction of the absorbed power could be achieved just by moving the phone 1 cm away from the head.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bernardi, P., Cavagnaro, M., Pisa, S. and Piuzzi, Em.: 2001, “Power Absorption and Temperature Elevations Induced in the Human Head by a Dual-Band Monopole-Helix Antenna Phone,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 49, 2539–2546.
CENELEC ES 59005.: 1998, “Considerations for the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) from Mobile Telecommunication Equipment (MTE) in the Frequency range 30 MHz–6 GHz.
Elsherbeni, Z., Huang, C.-W.P. and Smith, C.E.: 2001, Handbook of Antennas in Wireless Communications, Chapter 12, Handheld Antennas.
Jensen, M.A. and Rahmat-Samii, Y.: 1995a, “EM Interaction of Handset Antennas and a Human in Personal Communications,” Proceedings of the IEEE 83, 7–17.
Jensen, M.A. and Rahmat–Samii, Y.: 1995b, “EM Interaction of Handset Antennas and a Human Head in Personal Communications,” Proc. IEEE 83, 7–17.
Lazzi, G., Pattnaik, S.S., Furse, C.M. and Gandhi, O.P.: 1998, “Comparison of FDTD Computed and Measured Radiation Patterns of Commercial Mobile Telephones in Presence of the Human Head,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 46(6).
Mangoud, M.A., Abd-Alhameed, R.A. and Excell, P.S.: 2000, “Simulation of Human Interaction with Mobile Telephones Using Hybrid Techniques Over Coupled Domains,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 48, 2014–2021.
Okoniewski, M. and Stuchly, M.A.: 1996, “A Study of the Handset Antenna and Human Body Interaction,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44, 1855–1864.
Watanabe, S.-I., Taki, H., Nojima, T. and Fujiwara, O.: 1996, “Characteristics of the SAR Distributions in a Head Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields Radiated by a Hand-Held Portable Radio,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44, 1874–1883.
Zervos, T., Alexandridis, A.A., Petrović, V.V., Dangakis, K., Kolundžija, B.M., Dordević, A.R. and Soras, C.: 2004a, “Dependence of the EM Power Adsorbed in the Head of a Mobile Phone User on the Phone—Head Distance,” in Proc. of International Symposium on Electromag. Theory, URSI.
Zervos, T., Alexandridis, A.A., Petrović, V.V., Dangakis, K., Kolundžija, B.M., Dordević, A.R. and Soras, C.: 2004b, “Mobile Handset Radiation Efficiency as a Function of the Antenna Position Relative to the Human Head,” in Proc. 8th WSEAS Int. Multiconf. CSCC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alexiou, A., Kostarakis, P., Christofilakis, V.N. et al. Interaction Between GSM Handset Helical Antenna and User's Head: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Results. Environmentalist 25, 215–221 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-005-4286-6
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-005-4286-6