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Genetic diversity of four populations of Qualea grandiflora Mart. in fragments of the Brazilian Cerrado

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Abstract

We analyzed the genetic structure and diversity of Qualea grandiflora Mart., the most abundant woody species in the Brazilian Cerrado. Eight microsatellite loci were used to analyze samples from four populations subjected to different types of anthropic pressure, distributed throughout the state of São Paulo in the regions of Assis, Brotas, Itirapina and Pedregulho. Results indicated a mean number of 12 alleles per locus, but only six effective alleles. Alleles private to particular populations and rare alleles were also detected. An excess of homozygotes and moderate levels of inbreeding were observed. No clones were identified. All populations departed from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p < 0.05). Spatial structure was observed in the distribution of specimens in distance classes ranging from 30 to 40 km and three genetic clusters were identified, with genotypes in the Pedregulho population differing from the others by up to 90 %. The influence of the Wahlund effect on the studied populations lies between 8.5 and 53.3 %. Estimates of effective population size were low (<10), and the minimum viable area for conservation in the short-, medium- and long-term was estimated to be between 4 and 184 ha. Gene flow was high enough to counter the effects of genetic drift. The genetic diversity and divergence between the studied populations indicated that the Pedregulho population should be considered an Evolutionary Significant Unit and a Management Unit.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) for financial support (Grants 2007/06648-1 and 2008/06834-2), the research group LARGEA (Laboratório de Reprodução e Genética de Espécies Arbóreas—USP/ESALQ) for technical assistance, Lucas Antiqueira for revising this manuscript, and the reviewers for their valuable comments.

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  1. Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil

    Lia Maris Orth Ritter Antiqueira

  2. Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil

    Paulo Yoshio Kageyama

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Correspondence to Lia Maris Orth Ritter Antiqueira.

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Antiqueira, L.M.O.R., Kageyama, P.Y. Genetic diversity of four populations of Qualea grandiflora Mart. in fragments of the Brazilian Cerrado. Genetica 142, 11–21 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-013-9750-5

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