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Occurrence and role of virioplankton in a tropical estuarine system

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Abstract

Only a few studies have reported on viral dynamics in estuarine environments, and the factors regulating viral ecology are not well known. We herein aimed to address the factors controlling virus–host relationships in tropical estuaries. To accomplish this, we combine a historical data series (2011–2017), containing virus and prokaryote abundances, with environmental data from Guanabara Bay, Brazil. Water quality gradients and tides were found to regulate the structure of prokaryotic communities, and seasonal patterns added complexity to the dynamics of viral populations. Prediction models showed a balance between expected and recorded virus–host relationships. However, changes in virus-microbial ratio (VMR) were found in areas with microorganism increases and regions showing critical environmental changes. Our results demonstrated that VMR changes are multifactorial and cannot be associated with any specific factor. Neither Kill-the-Winner nor Piggyback-the-Winner models can predict VMR in a highly dynamic environment strongly influenced by eutrophication. In sum, it can be concluded that special care is necessary when analyzing models for predicting virus and host abundances, as ecological factors control host distribution and play a significant role in the virus–host relationship.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to UFRJ Technological Park and the Pilot Association of Rio de Janeiro for providing access and logistics for sampling expeditions, respectively. This work is a contribution from the “Microbiological Observatory of Rio de Janeiro – MORio” funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Universal Grant No. 483.758/2010-8, and Research Fellowship Grant No. 312.949/2014-6), and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (Research Aid APQ1 Grant Nos. 111.649/2011 and 110.586/2014) to RP. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001”. MML is grateful to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for a Master’s scholarship (Graduate Program in Ecology - UFRJ). ASC received fellowships from CAPES (PNPD and Edital Ciências do Mar 09/2009), FAPERJ (E26/103.692/2012 – E26/201.775/2017) and CNPq (158537/2015-7). We also thank Mr. Dauro M. Garcia (Antônio Carlos Transportes Marítimos) for his professionalism and proactivity during expeditions, as well as the Hydrobiology Laboratory team for sampling, especially to Anderson A. dos Santos Junior for support in flow cytometry analysis. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and the Editor for their valuable suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Anderson S. Cabral, Mariana M. Lessa, Marianne P. Mello, Rafael M. Martins & Rodolfo Paranhos

  2. Graduate Program in Ecology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Mariana M. Lessa, Marianne P. Mello & Rodolfo Paranhos

  3. Graduate Program in Microbiolgy, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Anderson S. Cabral

  4. Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Fernando H. Pulgati

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  1. Anderson S. Cabral
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  2. Mariana M. Lessa
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  3. Marianne P. Mello
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Correspondence to Rodolfo Paranhos.

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Cabral, A.S., Lessa, M.M., Mello, M.P. et al. Occurrence and role of virioplankton in a tropical estuarine system. Hydrobiologia 847, 4125–4140 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04404-w

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