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Assessment of photosynthetic performance, carboxylase activities, and ATP content during tetrasporic development in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta)

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Abstract

In this study, the development of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis tetrasporophytes during tetraspore formation and release was investigated with the aim to understand the physiological and biochemical bases during tetraspore formation and release especially from energy metabolism, contributing to elucidation of the control of fertility, and to discover indicators related to the fertility level. The accompanied changes in photosystem II (PSII) photosynthetic abilities, adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) content, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activities of three strains of G. lemaneiformis, the wild type, cultivar 981, and ZC, cultivated in the laboratory and collected from the field were measured. Light microscopy observations showed that the differentiation process for all tetrasporophytes could be divided into four phases. Cultivar 981 produced the least number of tetrasporangia and tetraspores, which confirmed the low fertility of this strain. The photosynthetic activity, measured by effective PSII quantum yield (Y(II)) showed, fell earlier and rose later, and the values in phase IV were the highest for all three strains during the development of tetrasporophytes. ATP content decreased as developmental process progressed, suggesting that the thalli utilized more substrate and energy in order to heal wounds caused by spore release in phases III and IV. Moreover, the variations in Rubisco activity had the similar trend as ATP content and the same pattern as the Y(II) values during tetrasporic development. PEPC activities were approximately 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of Rubisco during the development process in the laboratory and field samples, which suggested that an anaplerotic reaction of G. lemaneiformis is substantial because of high growth rates in phase I and high demand for organic and amino acids for the synthesis of major cell components such as proteins in phases II, III, and IV. The results also suggested that the fertility of G. lemaneiformis tetrasporophytes, coupled with the variation in photosynthetic and carboxylase activities, and its increased energy use would be useful characteristics when attempting to breed new strains of G. lemaneiformis.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31372529) and Projects of Independent Innovation in Shandong Province (2013CXC80202).

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  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Jinguo Wang, Zhenghong Sui, Yiyi Hu, Wei Zhou, Huihui Wei, Qingwei Du, Zeeshan Niaz, Chong Peng, Ping Mi & Zhou Que

  2. Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21300, Pakistan

    Zeeshan Niaz

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Wang, J., Sui, Z., Hu, Y. et al. Assessment of photosynthetic performance, carboxylase activities, and ATP content during tetrasporic development in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). J Appl Phycol 28, 2939–2952 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0834-3

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