Skip to main content
Log in

Something inner- and cross-linguistically different

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pronominal constructions such as something big, often referred to as the ‘indefinite pronoun construction’, have received different but often homogenous accounts in the literature. In this paper, I document the inner- and cross-linguistic diversity of this construction in German and some other languages. Highlighting respectively different sets of properties, I argue that there are three basic types: one type combines the adjective and the pronoun by complementation, another by adjunction, and a third involves a garden-variety DP. Adjunction is argued to be mediated by a Modifier Phrase (Rubin, E.J., Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, CSLI, Stanford, 429–439, 1996). The latter assumption is shown to have a number of advantages.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abney, Steven. 1987. The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect. Doctoral dissertation, MIT.

  • Barbiers, Sjef. 2005. Variation in the morphosyntax of one. Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 8: 159–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayer, Josef and Ellen Brandner. 2004. Light nouns and predicative infinitives. Ms., University of Konstanz.

  • Bolinger, Dwight. 1967. Adjectives in English: attribution and predication. Lingua 18: 1–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Booij, Geert. 2002. The morphology of Dutch. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bresnan, Joan W. 1973. Syntax of the comparative clause construction in English. Linguistic Inquiry 4(3): 275–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, L.R.S., Elle Churchill, and Glanville Price. 1993. A comprehensive French grammar (4th ed.). Cambridge: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carstens, Vicki. 2000. Concord in minimalist theory. Linguistic Inquiry 31(2): 319–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cinque, Guglielmo. 1994. On the evidence for partial N-movement in the Romance DP. In Paths towards Universal Grammar. Studies in honor of Richard S. Kayne, ed. Guglielmo Cinque, Jan Koster, Jean-Yves Pollock, Luigi Rizzi, Raffaella Zanuttini, 85–110. Washington DC.: Georgetown University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corver, Norbert. 1991. Evidence for DegP. Proceedings of NELS 21: 33–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corver, Norbert. 1998. Predicate movement in pseudopartitive constructions. In Possessors, predicates and movement in the determiner phrase, ed. Artemis Alexiadou and Chris Wilder, 215–257. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cormack, Annabel and Neil Smith. 1994. Serial verbs. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 6: 63–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demske, Ulrike. 2001. Merkmale und Relationen: Diachrone Studien zur Nominalphrase des Deutschen. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • den Dikken, Marcel. 1995. Copulas. Paper presented at GLOW 18, Tromsø. Unpublished manuscript, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam/HIL.

  • den Dikken, Marcel. 1998. Predicate inversion in DP. In Possessors, predicates and movement in the determiner phrase, eds. Artemis Alexiadou and Chris Wilder, 177–214. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Schutter, Georges. 1994. Dutch. In The Germanic languages, eds. E. König, and J. van der Auwera, 439–477. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, Bruce. 1994. Afrikaans. In The Germanic languages, eds. E. König and J. van der Auwera, 478–504. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duden 1995. Die Grammatik. vol. 4. Dudenverlag.

  • Dürscheid, Christa. 2002. “Polemik satt und Wahlkampf pur” – Das postnominale Adjektiv im Deutschen. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 21(1): 57–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emonds, Joseph E. 1985. A unified theory of syntactic categories. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emonds, Joseph E. 1987. The invisible category principle. Linguistic Inquiry 18: 613–632.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanselow, Gisbert. 1988. Aufspaltung von NPn und das Problem der “freien” Wortstellung. Linguistische Berichte 114: 91–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallmann, Peter. 1996. Die Steuerung der Flexion in der DP. Linguistische Berichte 164: 283–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grevisse, Maurice and André Goosse. 1993. Le bon usage. Grammaire française. (13th ed.) Duculot.

  • Grosu, Alexander. 2003. ‘Transparent’ free relatives as a special instance of ‘standard’ free relatives. In From NP to DP. Volume 1: The syntax and semantics of noun phrases, eds. Martine Coene and Yves D’hulst, 139–178. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haider, Hubert. 1992. Die Struktur der Nominalphrase. Lexikalische und funktionale Strukturen. In Deutsche Syntax. Ansichten und Aussichten. Institut für deutsche Sprache Jahrbuch 1991, ed. Ludger Hoffmann, 304–333. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harbert, W. 2007. The Germanic languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helbig, Gerhard and Joachim Buscha. 2001. Deutsche Grammatik. Ein Handbuch für den Ausländerunterricht. Berlin und München: Langenscheidt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoekstra, Jarich and Peter Meijes Tiersma. 1994. Frisian. In The Germanic languages, eds. E. König and J. van der Auwera, 505–531. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, James. 1982. Logical relations in Chinese and the theory of grammar. Doctoral Dissertation, MIT.

  • Hulk, Aafke and Els Verheugd. 1992. “Something funny” in French. In Reineke Bok-Bennema and Roeland van Hout (eds.) Linguistics in the Netherlands 9, pp. 87-100. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Julien, M. 2005. Nominal phrases from a Scandinavian perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, Neil G. 2005. Yiddish. A linguistic introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kayne, Richard. 1994. The antisymmetry of syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kayne, Richard. 2005. On parameters and on principles of pronunciation. Ms., New York University.

  • Kester, Ellen-Petra. 1996. The nature of adjectival inflection. Doctoral Dissertation, Utrecht University.

  • Kishimoto, Hideki. 2000. Indefinite pronouns and overt N-raising. Linguistic Inquiry 31(3): 557–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, Richard. 2004. The projection of DP. Handout of paper presented at the University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany (January 15, 2004). [handout available on Richard Larson’s homepage].

  • Larson, Richard and Franc Marušič. 2004. On indefinite pronoun structures with APs: Reply to Kishimoto. Linguistic Inquiry 35(2): 268–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, Richard and Hiroko Yamakido. 2005. Ezafe and the Deep Position of Nominal Modifiers. Paper presented at the Barcelona Workshop on Adjectives and Adverbs, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (March 18, 2005). [ms. available on Richard Larson’s homepage].

  • Larson, Richard and Hiroko Yamakido. 2006. Zazaki “double Ezafe” as double case-marking. Paper presented at the Linguistic Society of America annual meeting, Albuquerque, NM (January 8, 2006). [ms. available on Richard Larson’s homepage].

  • Leu, Thomas. 2005a. Something invisible in English. UPenn Working Papers in Linguistics 111: 143–55, (Proceedings of PLC 28).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leu, Thomas. 2005b. ‘What for’ internally. [http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/000207].

  • Löbel, Elisabeth. 1989. Q as a functional category. In Syntactic phrase structure phenomena in noun phrases and sentences, eds. Christa Bhatt, Elisabeth Löbel and Claudia Schmidt, 133–158. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longobardi, Giuseppe. 1994. Reference and proper names: A theory of N-Movement in syntax and logical form. Linguistic Inquiry 25(4): 609–665.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meister, Eckhart. 1963. Die deutschen und lateinischen Werke. Die deutschen Werke. Traktate. (Vol 5) (edited by Josef Quint). Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag.

  • Milner, Jean-Claude. 1978. De la syntaxe à l’interprétation. Quantités, insultes exclamations. Paris: Le Seuil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Motsch, Wolfgang. 2002. Die Wortart ‚Adjektiv’. In Lexikologie: Ein internationales Handbuch zur Natur und Struktur von Wörtern und Wortschätzen, (Vol. 1), eds. D. Alan Cruse, Franz Hundsnurscher, Michael Job and Peter Rolf Lutzeier, 598–604. Berlin: de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panagiotidis, P. 2002a. Pronouns, clitics and empty nouns. ‘Pronominality’ and licensing in syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panagiotidis, P. 2002b. Pronominal nouns. In Pronouns – Grammar and representation, eds. HJ Simon and H Wiese, 183–203. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panagiotidis, P. 2003a. Empty nouns. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21(2): 381–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panagiotidis, P. 2003b. One, empty nouns, and θ-assignment. Linguistic Inquiry 34(2): 281–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Partee, Barbara H. 1976. Some transformational extensions of Montague Grammar. In Montague Grammar, ed. Barbara H Partee, 51-76. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, Hermann, Peter Wiehl, and Siegfried Grosse. 1989. Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik. (23rd ed.). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponelis, Fritz. 1993. The development of Afrikaans. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Postal, Paul M. 1966. On the so-called pronouns in English. In Nineteenth Monograph on Language and Linguistics, ed. F. Dinneen, 177-206. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzi, Luigi. 1986. Null objects in Italian and the theory of pro. Linguistic Inquiry 17(3): 501–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roehrs, Dorian. 2005. Pronouns are determiners after all. In The function of function words and functional categories, eds. Marcel den Dikken and Christina Tortora, 251-285. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roehrs, D. 2006a. Something post-pre-nominal in German and beyond. Paper presented at the 21st Comparative Germanic Syntax Workshop, University of California at Santa Cruz.

  • Roehrs, D. 2006b. The morpho-syntax of the Germanic noun phrase: Determiners MOVE into the determiner phrase. Doctoral Dissertation, Indiana University.

  • Roehrs, Dorian. 2006c. Pronominal noun phrases, number specifications, and null nouns. In Comparative studies in germanic syntax: From Afrikaans to Zurich German, eds. Jutta M. Hartmann and László Molnárfi, 143-180. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roehrs, D. 2007. Complex determiners: A case study of German ein jeder. Paper presented at the 81st Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (Anaheim), January 2007.

  • Rubin, Edward J. 1996. The transparent syntax and semantics of modifiers. Proceedings of the 15th WCCFL, pp. 429–439.

  • Rubin, Edward J. 2003. 2003. Determining pair-merge. Linguistic Inquiry 34(4): 660–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlenker, Philippe. 1999. La flexion de l’adjectif en allemand: la morphologie de haut en bas. Recherches Linguistiques de Vincennes 28:115–132. [http://rlv.revues.org/document1216.html].

  • Schmidt, Wilhelm, Helmut Langner, and Norbert Richard Wolf. 2000. Geschichte der deutschen Sprache. (8th ed.). Stuttgart: S. Hirzel Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schütze, Carson T. 2001. On the nature of default case. Syntax 4(3): 205–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, Gary-John. 2002. Stacked adjectival modification and the structure of nominal phrases. In Functional structure in DP and IP: The cartography of syntactic structures (Vol.1). ed. Guglielmo Cinque, 91-120. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sproat, Richard and Chilin Shih. 1991. The cross-linguistic distribution of adjective ordering restrictions. In Interdisciplinary approaches to language. Essays in honor of S.-Y. Kuroda, eds. Carol Georgopoulos and Roberta Ishihara, 565-593. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stavrou, Melita. 2003. Semi-lexical nouns, classifiers, and the interpretation(s) of the pseudopartitive construction. In From NP to DP. Volume 1: The syntax and semantics of noun phrases, eds. Martine Coene and Yves Dhulst, 329-353. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svenonius, Peter. 1993. The structural location of the attributive adjective. In The Proceedings of the Twelfth WCCFL, eds. E. Duncan, D. Farkas and P. Spaelti, 439–454, Stanford Linguistics Association.

  • van der Wal, Marijke J and Aad Quak. 1994. Old and Middle Continental West Germanic. In The Germanic languages, eds. Ekkehard König and Johan van der Auwera, 72-109. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Riemsdijk, Henk. 1998. Movement and regeneration. In Dialect variation and the theory of grammar, P Benincà ed., 105–136. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Riemsdijk, Henk. 1998. Head movement and adjacency. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 16: 633–678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vater, Heinz. 1985. Determinantien und Pronomina. In Deutsche Grammatik II. Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie 30, ed. Angelika Redder, 107-126. Osnabrück: Universität Osnabrück.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Megenberg, Konrad. Das Buch der Natur. Die erste Naturgeschichte in deutscher Sprache. (edited by Franz Pfeiffer). Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung. [1962; reprint of the 1861 Stuttgart edition].

  • Watanabe, Akira. 2006. Functional projections of nominals in Japanese: Syntax of classifiers. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 24(1): 241–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weerman, Fred. 1997. On the relation between morphological and syntactic case. In Parameters of morphosyntactic change, eds. Ans van Kemenade and Nigel Vincent, 427-459. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiese, Richard. 1996. The phonology of German. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiese, Heike and Maling Joan. 2005. Beers, kaffi, and schnaps – different grammatical options for ‘restaurant talk’ coercions in three Germanic languages. Journal of Germanic Linguistics 17(1): 1–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Edwin S. 1982. Another argument that passive is transformational. Linguistic Inquiry 13(1): 160–163.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dorian Roehrs.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Roehrs, D. Something inner- and cross-linguistically different. J Comp German Linguistics 11, 1–42 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-007-9016-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-007-9016-7

Keywords

Navigation