Abstract
In Ireland there is progressive legislation on children’s participation in the education system. The Education Act 1998 advocates that school boards should involve students in the school and establish student councils in second-level schools. Since the publication of this legislation progress on realising students’ participation in schools has been slow. In 2006 the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child recommended that Ireland strengthen its efforts to enable children to express their views in schools and other educational institutions. The National Strategy on Children and Young People’s Participation in Decision-making (2015), the first to be produced internationally, commits to facilitating children and young people’s voice in the development of education policy, the running of schools and in other areas of school policy. This paper presents and discusses the results of qualitative participatory research with children and young people aged between 7 and 17 years, teachers and school principals, and parents, on their attitudes towards and opportunities for participation by students in schools in Ireland. The data reveal that students are keen to participate in school but recognise that their opportunities to do so are inadequate, that teachers understand participation very differently from students, and that parents have little knowledge of their children’s participatory experiences in school. It concludes that effective participation in schools requires policy, practical and cultural change.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The Transition Year (TY) is a 1-year programme taken after the Junior Cycle and before the 2-year Leaving Certificate programme in second-level schools.
References
Alderson, P. (2009). Rights-respecting research: A commentary on ‘the right to be properly researched: Research with children in a messy, real world’. Children’s Geographies, 10(2), 233–239.
Aston, H. J., & Lambert, N. (2010). Young people’s views about their involvement in decision-making. Educational Psychology in Practice, 26(1), 41–51.
Barker, J., & Weller, S. (2003). “Is it fun?” Developing children centred research methods. International Journal of Sociology and Social policy, 23, 33–58.
Bjerke, H. (2011). “It’s the way they do it”: Expressions of agency in child–adult relations at home and school. Children and Society, 25, 93–103.
Burke, C. (2014). “Fleeting pockets of anarchy”: Streetwork. The exploding school. Paedogogica Historica, 50(4), 433–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2014.899376.
Children’s Rights Alliance. (2012). Short guide to the children’s referendum. Dublin: Children’s Rights Alliance.
Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2006). Consideration of reports by states parties under Article 44 of the convention on the rights of the child. Concluding observations: Ireland, forty-third session. Geneva: United Nations.
Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2009). General Comment No. 12. The right of the child to be heard. Geneva: United Nations.
Cosgrove, J., & Gilleece, L. (2012). An international perspective on civic participation in Irish post-primary schools: Results from ICCS. Irish Educational Studies, 31(4), 377–395.
Davey, C. (2010). Children’s participation in decision-making: A summary report on progress made up to 2010. London: Participation Works.
De Róiste, A., Kelly, C., Molcho, M., Gavin, A., & Nic Gabhainn, S. (2012). Is school participation good for children? Associations with health and wellbeing. Health Education, 112(2), 88–104.
Department for Education. (2014). Statutory guidance: Listening to and involving children and young people. Reference: DFE-00011-2014. London: DFE.
Department of Children and Youth Affairs. (2015). National strategy on the participation of children and young people in decision-making, 2015–2020. Dublin: DCYA.
Department of Children and Youth Affairs. (2016). First annual report on implementation of the national strategy on children and young people’s participation, 2015–2020. Dublin: DCYA.
Department of Education and Skills. (2014). Results of the Department of Education and Skills ‘Lifeskills’ survey, 2012. Dublin: Department of Education and Skills.
Elsley, S. (2004). Children’s experience of public space. Children and Society, 24, 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1002/CHI.822.
Fielding, M. (2007). Beyond “Voice”: New roles, relations, and contexts in researching with young people. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 28(3), 301–310.
Fielding, M. (2015). Student voice as deep democracy. In C. McLaughlin (Ed.), The connected school—A design for wellbeing. London: Pearson.
Fielding, M., & Moss, P. (2012). Radical democratic education. Paper Presented at the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Denver, Colorado.
Fleming, D. (2013). Student voice in Irish post-primary schools—A drama of voices. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Cork: University College Cork.
Fleming, D. (2015). Student voice: An emerging discourse in Irish educational policy. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 8(2), 223–242.
Forde, C, Horgan, D., & Martin, S. (2017). Children and young people’s participation in the community in Ireland: Experiences and issues. Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies, 17(1). Available at: http://arrow.dit.ie/ijass/vol17/iss1/2.
Forde, C., Martin, S., & Dunn Galvin, A. (2016). Children and young people’s right to participate: National and local youth councils in Ireland. International Journal of Children's Rights, 24, 1–20.
Gilleece, L., & Cosgrove, J. (2012). Student civic participation in school: What makes a difference in Ireland. Education: Citizenship and Social Justice, 7(3), 225–239.
Government of the UK. (2003). The education and libraries (Northern Ireland) order 2003. London: Stationery Office.
Hart, R. (1992). Children’s participation, from tokenism to citizenship. Florence: UNICEF.
Horgan, D. (2017). Child participatory research methods: Attempts to go ‘deeper’. Childhood, 24(2), 245–259.
Horgan, D., Forde, C., Martin, S., & Parkes, A. (2017). Children’s participation: Moving from the performative to the social. Children's Geographies, 15(3), 274–288.
Horgan, D., Forde, C., Martin, S., Parkes, A., & O’Connell, A. (2015). Children and young people’s experiences of participation in decision-making at home, in schools and in their communities. Dublin: Department of Children and Youth Affairs.
Ireland. (1998). Education act. Dublin: Stationery Office.
James, A. (2004). Understanding childhood from an interdisciplinary perspective: Problems and potentials. In P. B. Pufall & R. P. Unsworth (Eds.), Rethinking childhood. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Jans, M. (2004). Children as citizens: Towards a contemporary notion of child participation. Childhood, 11(1), 27–44.
John-Akinola, Y. O., & Nic-Gabhainn, S. (2014). Children’s participation in school: A cross-sectional study of the relationship between school environments, participation and health and well-being outcomes. BMC Public Health, 14, 964.
Kennedy-Lewis, B. L. (2015). Second chance or no chance? A case study of one urban alternative middle school. Journal of Educational Change, 16(2), 145–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-014-9242-0.
Lodge, C. (2005). From hearing voices to engaging in dialogue: Problematising student participation in school improvement. Journal of Educational Change, 6(2), 125–146.
Lundy, L. (2007). “Voice” is not enough: Conceptualising Article 12 of the United Nations convention on the rights of the child. British Educational Research Journal, 33(6), 927–942.
Lundy, L., Kilkelly, U., & Byrne, C. (2013). Incorporation of the United Nations convention on the rights of the child in law: A comparative view. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 21(3), 442–463.
Mager, U., & Nowak, P. (2012). Effects of student participation in decision making at school. A systematic review and synthesis of empirical research. Educational Research Review, 7, 38–61.
Mannion, G. (2007). Going Spatial, going relational: Why listening to children and children’s participation needs reframing. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 28(3), 405–420.
McCluskey, G., Brown, J., Munn, P., Lloyd, G., Hamilton, L., Sharp, S., et al. (2013). ‘“Take more time to actually listen”: Students’ reflections on participation and negotiation in school. British Educational Research Journal, 39(2), 287–301.
Mitra, D. L. (2008). Balancing power in communities of practice: An examination of increasing student voice through school-based youth–adult partnerships. Journal of Educational Change, 9, 221–242.
Munn, P., Lloyd, G., & Cullen, M. A. (2000). Alternatives to exclusion from school. London: Paul Chapman.
National Assembly for Wales. (2005). The schools councils regulations for wales 2005. No. 3200. London: Stationery Office.
Nic Gabhainn, S., Kelly, C., & Molcho, M. (2007). The Irish health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) Study 2006. Galway: Department of Health and Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland.
Parkes, A. (2013). Children and international human rights law: The right of the child to be heard. London: Routledge.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications.
Percy-Smith, B. (2010). Councils, consultations and community: Rethinking the spaces for children and young people’s participation. Children’s Geographies, 2, 107–122.
Percy-Smith, B. (2015). Negotiating active citizenship: Young people’s participation in everyday spaces. In K. Kallio, S. Mills, & T. Skelton (Eds.), Politics, citizenship and rights. Geographies of children and young people. London: Springer.
Percy-Smith, B., & Burns, D. (2013). Exploring the role of children and young people as agents of change in sustainable community development. Local Environment, 18(3), 323–339.
Perry-Hazan, L. (2016). Children’s participation in national policymaking: “You’re so adorable, adorable! I’m Speechless; so much fun!”. Children and Youth Services Review, 67, 105–113.
Scottish Consumer Council. (2007). School councils and student participation in scottish secondary schools. Glasgow: Scottish Consumer Council.
Sears, A., Clarke, G. M., & Hughes, A. (2000). Canadian citizenship education: The pluralist ideal and citizenship education for a post-modern state. In J. Torney-Purta, J. Schwille, & J.-A. Amadeo (Eds.), Civic education across countries: Twenty-four national case studies from the IEA Education Project. Amsterdam: IEA.
Sears, A., & Hughes, A. (2006). Citizenship: Education or indoctrination? Citizenship and Teacher Education, 2(1), 3–17.
Shaw, M., & McCulloch, K. (2009). Hooligans or Rebels? Thinking more critically about citizenship and young people. Youth and Policy, 101, 5–14.
Shier, H. (2001). Pathways to participation: A new model for enhancing children’s participation in decision-making, in line with Article 12.1 of the United Nations convention on the rights of the child. Children and Society, 15, 107–117.
Shirley, D. (2015). Education for voice: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Educational Change, 16, 125–128.
Simmons, C., Graham, A., & Thomas, N. (2015). Imagining an ideal school for wellbeing: Locating student voice. Journal of Educational Change, 16, 129–144.
Smith, A. B. (2007). Children and young people’s participation rights in education. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 15, 147–164.
Taylor, N., Smith, A. B., & Nairn, K. (2001). Rights important to young people: Secondary student and staff perspectives. The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 9, 137–156.
Thomas, N. (2007). Towards a theory of children’s participation. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 15, 199–218.
Thornberg, R., & Elvstrand, H. (2012). Children’s experiences of democracy, participation, and trust in school. International Journal of Educational Research, 53, 44–54.
Tisdall, E. K. M., Hinton, R., Gadda, A. M., & Butler, U. M. (2014). Introduction: Children and young people’s participation. In E. K. M. Tisdall, A. M. Gadda, & U. M. Butler (Eds.), Children and young people’s participation and its transformative potential: Learning from across countries. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Tisdall, E. K. M., & Punch, S. (2012). Not so “new”? Looking critically at childhood studies. Children’s Geographies, 10(3), 249–264.
UNICEF. (2009). The participation of children and young people in UNICEF country programme and national committee activities. Florence: UNICEF.
Valentin, K., & Meinhart, L. (2009). The adult north and the young south: Reflections on the civilising mission of children’s rights. Anthropology Today, 25(3), 23–28.
Welty, E., & Lundy, L. (2013). Comment: Listening and empowering: Children in science communication. A children’s rights-based approach to involving children in decision making. Journal of Science Communication, 12(3), C02.
Wyness, M. (2012). Children’s participation and intergenerational dialogue: Bringing adults back into the analysis. Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568212459775.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support of the Irish Research Council which funded this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Forde, C., Horgan, D., Martin, S. et al. Learning from children’s voice in schools: Experiences from Ireland. J Educ Change 19, 489–509 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-018-9331-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-018-9331-6