Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Hardware Trojan Detection Using an Advised Genetic Algorithm Based Logic Testing

  • Published:
Journal of Electronic Testing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Today, outsourced manufacturing of integrated circuit designs are prone to a range of malicious modifications of the circuitry called Hardware Trojans. HTs can alter the functionality of a circuit, leak secret information and initiate other possible malicious actions. HTs are activated in a very rare condition known by an intruder. Therefore, a group of HT detection methods tries to activate the HT circuitry by crafting test vectors. In this paper, we propose a logic testing based HT detection method using an advised genetic algorithm which creates effective test vectors, the so-called TRIAGE (hardware TR ojan detectI on using an A dvised G enetic algorithm based logic tE sting). The key contribution of this paper is to present a proper fitness function for the genetic algorithm providing better evaluation of the test vectors. The controllability, observability and transition probability factors of rare nodes have been considered in the fitness function. Simulation results indicate 80% reduction in generation time for test sets (on average) as compared to the previous work. On the other hand, reduced generation time for test vectors has been associated with an increase in trigger coverage. The coverage of the TRIAGE method for very hard to trigger Trojans increases by about 23% due to high efficiency of the proposed fitness function for the genetic algorithm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aarestad J, Acharyya D, Rad R, Plusquellic J (2010) Detecting trojans through leakage current analysis using multiple supply pad IDDQs. IEEE Trans Inf Forens Secur 5(4):893–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Abdellatif KM, Cornesse C, Fournier J, Robisson B (2016) New partitioning approach for hardware Trojan detection using side-channel measurements. In: Bonato V, Bouganis C, Gorgon M (eds) Applied reconfigurable computing, ser. lecture notes in computer science, vol 9625. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 171–182. [Online]. Available: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2966541

  3. Ba PS, Dupuis S, Flottes ML, Di Natale G, Rouzeyre B (2016) Using outliers to detect stealthy hardware trojan triggering? In: 2016 1st IEEE International verification and security workshop, IVSW 2016, pp 64–69

  4. Bazzazi A, Manzuri Shalmani MT, Hemmatyar AMA (2017) Hardware Trojan detection based on logical testing. J Electron Test 33(4):381–395. [Online]. Available: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10836-017-5670-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bhunia S, Hsiao MS, Banga M, Narasimhan S (2014) Hardware trojan attacks: threat analysis and countermeasures. Proc IEEE 102(8):1229–1247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chakraborty S, Bhunia RS (2009) Security against hardware Trojan through a novel application of design obfuscation. In: IEEE/ACM International Conference on computer-aided design - digest of technical papers, 2009. ICCAD 2009, pp 113–116

  7. Chakraborty RS, Bhunia S (2009) HARPOON: an obfuscation-based SoC design methodology for hardware protection. IEEE Trans Comput-Aided Des Integr Circ Syst 28(10):1493–1502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chakraborty RS, Wolff F, Paul S, Papachristou C, Bhunia S (2009) MERO: a statistical approach for hardware Trojan detection. Lecture notes in computer science (including subseries lecture notes in artificial intelligence and lecture notes in bioinformatics), vol 5747 LNCS, pp 396–410

  9. Chakraborty RS, Pagliarini S, Mathew J, Sree Ranjani R, Nirmala Devi M (2017) A flexible online checking technique to enhance hardware Trojan horse detectability by reliability analysis. IEEE Trans Emerg Topics Comput 6750(c):1–1. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7820075/

    Google Scholar 

  10. Goldstein LH, Thigpen EL (1980) SCOAP: Sandia controllability & observability analysis program. In: Proceedings of the seventeenth design automation conference on design automation - DAC ’80. ACM Press, New York, pp 190–196. [Online]. Available: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=800139.804528

  11. Hermawanto D (2013) Genetic algorithm for solving simple mathematical equality problem. Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). [Online]. Available: arXiv:1308.4675

  12. Keshavarzi A, Roy K, Hawkins CF, De V (2003) Multiple-parameter CMOS IC testing with increased sensitivity for I DDQ. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integrat (VLSI) Syst 11(5): 863–870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Li H, Liu Q, Zhang J, Lyu Y (2015) A survey of hardware Trojan detection, diagnosis and prevention. In: 2015 14th International conference on computer-aided design and computer graphics (CAD/Graphics). IEEE, pp 173–180. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7450413/

  14. Liu Y, Jin Y, Nosratinia A, Makris Y (2017) Silicon demonstration of hardware trojan design and detection in wireless cryptographic ICs. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integrat (VLSI) Syst 25(4):1506–1519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mukhopadhyay D, Chakraborty RS (2015) Hardware security design, threats, and safeguards. CRC Press

  16. Narasimhan S, Du D, Chakraborty RS, Paul S, Wolff FG, Papachristou CA, Roy K, Bhunia S (2013) Hardware trojan detection by multiple-parameter side-channel analysis. IEEE Trans Comput 62 (11):2183–2195

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Rad R, Plusquellic J, Tehranipoor M (2010) A sensitivity analysis of power signal methods for detecting hardware trojans under real process and environmental conditions. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integrat (VLSI) Syst 18(12):1735–1744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rai D, Lach J (2009) Performance of delay-based trojan detection techniques under parameter variations. In: 2009 IEEE International workshop on hardware-oriented security and trust, HOST 2009, pp 58–65

  19. Rajendran J, Pino Y, Sinanoglu O, Karri R (2012) Logic encryption: a fault analysis perspective. In: Proceedings -design, automation and test in Europe, DATE, pp 953–958. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6176634/

  20. Rajendran J, Pino Y, Sinanoglu O, Karri R (2012) Security analysis of logic obfuscation. In: 2012 Design automation conference (DAC), pp 83–89

  21. Rajendran J, Zhang H, Zhang C, Rose GS, Pino Y, Sinanoglu O, Karri R (2015) Fault analysis-based logic encryption. IEEE Trans Comput 64(2):410–424

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Saha S, Chakraborty RS, Nuthakki S, Anshul S, Mukhopadhyay D (2015) Improved test pattern generation for hardware Trojan detection using genetic algorithm and Boolean satisfiability. In: Güneysu T, Handschuh H (eds) Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems – CHES 2015, ser. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 9293. Springer, Berlin, pp 577–596. [Online]. Available: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-48324-4

  23. Salmani H, Tehranipoor M, Plusquellic J (2012) A novel technique for improving hardware trojan detection and reducing trojan activation time. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Syst 20(1):112–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tehranipoor M, Koushanfar F (2010) A survey of hardware trojan taxonomy and detection,10–25

  25. Tehranipoor M, Wang C (2011) Introduction to hardware security and trust. Springer Science & Business Media

  26. Waksman A, Suozzo M, Sethumadhavan S (2013) FANCI : identification of stealthy malicious logic using boolean functional analysis. Ccs 2013(c):697–708

    Google Scholar 

  27. Wolff F, Papachristou C, Bhunia S, Chakraborty RS (2008) Towards Trojan-free trusted ICs: problem analysis and detection scheme. In: Proceedings -design, automation and test in Europe, DATE, pp 1362–1365

  28. Zhang X, Tehranipoor M (2011) Case study: detecting hardware Trojans in third-party digital IP cores. In: 2011 IEEE International symposium on hardware-oriented security and trust, HOST 2011, pp 67–70

  29. Zhang J, Yuan F, Wei L, Liu Y, Xu Q (2015) VeriTrust: verification for hardware trust. IEEE Trans Comput-Aided Des Integrat Circ Syst 34(7):1148–1161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhao H, Kwiat K, Kamhoua C, Rodriguez M (2015) Applying chaos theory for runtime hardware Trojan detection. In: 2015 IEEE Symposium on computational intelligence for security and defense applications CISDA 2015 - proceedings, pp 156–161

  31. Zhou B, Zhang W, Srikanthan T, Teo Kian Jin J, Chaturvedi V, Luo T (2015) Cost-efficient acceleration of hardware Trojan detection through fan-out cone analysis and weighted random pattern technique. IEEE Trans Comput-Aided Des Integrat Circ Syst 0070(c):1–1. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=7165615

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran

    M. A. Nourian & M. Fazeli

  2. School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, 19538-33511, Iran

    M. Fazeli

  3. Grenoble Institute of Technology (France), Grenoble, France

    D. Hely

  4. LCIS Laboratory, Grenoble, France

    D. Hely

Authors
  1. M. A. Nourian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Fazeli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. Hely
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Fazeli.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: C. A. Papachristou

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nourian, M.A., Fazeli, M. & Hely, D. Hardware Trojan Detection Using an Advised Genetic Algorithm Based Logic Testing. J Electron Test 34, 461–470 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-018-5739-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-018-5739-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation