Abstract
In view of the bulk production, resolvability, dispersibility of aqueous solution, graphene oxides (GO) prepared by strong chemical oxidation of graphite flakes have been widely used for the production of graphene-like materials. However, because of the insulating nature caused by amounts of defects on its surface, the application of GO material is greatly constrained. Hence, effective reduction of GO becomes critical. The photoreduction of GO showed more attractive properties than conventional thermal/chemical routes due to its synchronous reduction and flexible patterning, which facilitates a number of applications, such as the electrochemical energy storage devices, electronic devices, and biomimetic substrates. In this review, we dedicatedly summarized the latest advances in photoreduction including the fabrications and applied values in multiple fields. We deem that the photoreduction and synchronous patterning of GO will have very prospects in the development of graphene devices.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Novoselov K, Geim A, Morozov S, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S, Grigorieva I, Firsov A (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666–669
Novoselov K, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Morozov S, Stormer H, Zeitler U, Maan J, Boebinger G, Kim P, Geim A (2007) Room-temperature quantum hall effect in graphene. Science 315:1379
Strek W, Cichy B, Radosinski L, Gluchowski P, Marciniak L, Lukaszewicz M, Hreniak D (2015) Laser-induced white-light emission from graphene ceramics—opening a band gap in graphene. Light Sci Appl 4:e237
Rodrigo D, Tittl A, Limaj O, Abajo F, Pruneri V, Altug H (2017) Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics. Light Sci Appl 6:e16277
Shekhar C, Nayak A, Yan S et al (2015) Extremely large magnetoresistance and ultrahigh mobility in the topological weyl semimetal candidate Nbp. Nat Phys 11:645–649
Hong J, Hu Z, Probert M (2015) Exploring atomic defects in molybdenum disulphide monolayers. Nat Commun 6:6293
Ji L, Meduri P, Agubra V, Xiao X, Alcoutlabi M (2016) Graphene-based nanocomposites for energy storage. Adv Energy Mater 6:1502159
Zheng Z, Li J, Ma T, Fang H et al (2017) Tailoring of electromagnetic field localizations by two dimensional graphene nanostructures. Light Sci Appl 6:e17057
Blackburn J, Ferguson A, Cho C, Grunlan J (2018) Carbon-nanotube-based thermoelectric materials and devices. Adv Mater 30:1704386
Guo Y, Xu G, Yang X et al (2018) Significantly enhanced and precisely modeled thermal conductivity in polyimide nanocomposites with chemically modified graphene via in situ polymerization and electrospinning-hot press technology. J Mater Chem C 6:3004–3015
Zhu C, Han T, Duoss E, Golobic A, Kuntz J, Spadaccini C, Worsley M (2015) Highly compressible 3D periodic graphene aerogel microlattices. Nat Commun 6:6962
Seyed H, Rouhollah J, Dorna E et al (2014) High-performance multifunctional graphene yarns: toward wearable all-carbon energy storage textiles. ACS Nano 8:2456–2466
Lee H, Choi T, Lee Y et al (2016) A graphene-based electrochemical device with thermoresponsive microneedles for diabetes monitoring and therapy. Nat Nanotechnol 11:566–572
Xin W, Chen X, Liu Z, Jiang W, Gao X, Jiang X, Chen Y, Tian J (2016) Photovoltage enhancement in twisted-bilayer graphene using surface plasmon resonance. Adv Opt Mater 4:1703–1710
Xin W, Liu Z, Sheng Q et al (2014) Flexible graphene saturable absorber on two-layer structure for tunable mode-locked soliton fiber laser. Opt Express 22:10239–10247
Zhu J, Yang D, Yin Z, Yan Q, Zhang H (2014) Graphene and graphene-based materials for energy storage applications. Small 10:3480–3498
Diao S, Zhang X, Shao Z, Ding K, Jie J, Zhang X (2017) 12.35% efficient graphene quantum dots/silicon heterojunction solar cells using graphene transparent electrode. Nano Energy 31:359–366
Liu Z, Lau S, Yan F (2015) Functionalized graphene and other two-dimensional materials for photovoltaic devices: device design and processing. Chem Soc Rev 44:5638–5679
Li Z, Huang H, Tang S et al (2016) Small gold nanorods laden macrophages for enhanced tumor coverage in photothermal therapy. Biomaterials 74:144–154
Chimene D, Alge D, Gaharwar A (2015) Two dimensional nanomaterials for biomedical applications: emerging trends and future prospects. Adv Mater 27:7261–7284
Xin W, Wu T, Zou T, Wang Y, Jiang W, Xing F, Yang J, Guo C (2019) Ultrasensitive optical detection of water pressure in microfluidics using smart reduced graphene oxide glass. Front Chem. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00395
Huang B, Clark G, Navarro-Moratalla E et al (2017) Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit. Nature 546:270–273
Wang C, Zhao M, Li J et al (2017) Silver nanoparticles/graphene oxide decorated carbon fiber synergistic reinforcement in epoxy-based composites. Polymer 131:263–271
Geng P, Zheng S, Tang H, Zhu R, Zhang L, Cao S, Xue H, Pang H (2018) Transition metal sulfides based on graphene for electrochemical energy storage. Adv Energy Mater 8:1703259
Li F, Zhou Z (2018) Micro/nanostructured materials for sodium ion batteries and capacitors. Small 14:1702961
Dubal D, Chodankar N, Kim D, Gomez-Romero P (2017) Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics. Chem Soc Rev 47:2065–2129
Peng H, Huang J, Cheng X, Zhang Q (2017) Review on high-loading and high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries. Adv Energy Mater 7:1700260
Trung T, Ramasundaram S, Hwang B, Lee N (2016) An all-elastomeric transparent and stretchable temperature sensor for body-attachable wearable electronics. Adv Mater 28:502–509
Cheng Y, Wang R, Sun J, Gao L (2015) A stretchable and highly sensitive graphene-based fiber for sensing tensile strain, bending, and torsion. Adv Mater 27:7365–7371
Liu H, Dong M, Huang W et al (2017) Lightweight conductive graphene/thermoplastic polyurethane foams with ultrahigh compressibility for piezoresistive sensing. J Mater Chem C 5:73–83
Wang K, Ausri I, Chu K et al (2019) Pressure-driven solvent transport and complex ion permeation through graphene oxide membranes. Adv Mater Interfaces 6:1802056
Ares P, Aguilar G, Rodriguez-San-Miguel D et al (2016) Mechanical isolation of highly stable antimonene under ambient conditions. Adv Mater 28:6332–6336
Yi M, Shen Z (2015) A review on mechanical exfoliation for the scalable production of graphene. J Mater Chem A 3:11700–11715
Coleman J (2013) Liquid exfoliation of defect-free graphene. Acc Chem Res 46:14–22
Ismach A, Druzgalski C, Penwell S, Schwartzberg A, Zheng M, Javey A, Bokor J, Zhang Y (2010) Direct chemical vapor deposition of graphene on dielectric surfaces. Nano Lett 10:1542–1548
Li X, Cai W, Colombo L, Ruoff R (2009) Evolution of graphene growth on Ni and Cu by carbon isotope labeling. Nano Lett 9:4268–4272
Zhu F, Chen W, Xu Y et al (2015) Epitaxial growth of two-dimensional stanine. Nat Mater 14:1020–1025
Dlubak B, Martin M, Deranlot C et al (2012) Highly efficient spin transport in epitaxial graphene on SiC. Nat Phys 8:557–561
Ciesielski A, Samori P (2014) Graphene via sonication assisted liquid-phase exfoliation. Chem Soc Rev 43:381–398
Ciesielski A, Haar S, Aliprandi A et al (2016) Modifying the size of ultrasound-induced liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: from nanosheets to nanodots. ACS Nano 10:10768–10777
Lu L, Zhu Y, Shi C, Pei Y (2016) Large-scale synthesis of defect-selective graphene quantum dots by ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation. Carbon 109:373–383
Chen Y, Gong X, Gai J (2016) Progress and challenges in transfer of large-area graphene films. Adv Sci 3:1500343
Feng L, Wu L, Qu X (2013) New horizons for diagnostics and therapeutic applications of graphene and graphene oxide. Adv Mater 25:168–186
Dimiev A, Alemany L, Tour J (2013) Graphene oxide origin of acidity, its instability in water, and a new dynamic structural model. ACS Nano 7:576–588
Xu L, Shi R, Li H, Han C, Wu M, Wong C, Kang F, Li B (2018) Pseudocapacitive anthraquinone modified with reduced graphene oxide for flexible symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors. Carbon 127:459–468
Sherlala A, Raman A, Bello M, Asghar A (2017) A review of the applications of organo-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites for heavy metal adsorption. Chemosphere 193:1004–1017
Wang J, Chen B (2015) Adsorption and coadsorption of organic pollutants and a heavy metal by graphene oxide and reduced graphene materials. Chem Eng J 281:379–388
Yang Q, Su Y, Chi C et al (2017) Ultrathin graphene-based membrane with precise molecular sieving and ultrafast solvent permeation. Nat Mater 16:1198–1203
Chen L, Shi G, Shen J et al (2017) Ion sieving in graphene oxide membranes via cationic control of interlayer spacing. Nature 550:380–383
Zhuang L, Ge L, Yang Y, Li M, Jia Y, Yao X, Zhu Z (2017) Ultrathin iron–cobalt oxide nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancies for the oxygen evolution reaction. Adv Mater 29:1606793
Yousefi N, Sun X, Lin X et al (2014) Highly aligned graphene/polymer nanocomposites with excellent dielectric properties for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv Mater 26:5480–5487
Wen B, Wang X, Cao W et al (2014) Reduced graphene oxides: the thinnest and most lightweight materials with highly efficient microwave attenuation performances of the carbon world. Nanoscale 6:5754–5761
Sun X, He J, Li G, Tang J, Wang T, Guo Y, Xue H (2012) Laminated magnetic graphene with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties. J Mater Chem C 1:765–777
Travlou N, Kyzas G, Lazaridis N, Deliyanni E (2013) Functionalization of graphite oxide with magnetic chitosan for the preparation of a nanocomposite dye adsorbent. Langmuir 29:1657–1668
Sher S, Zhang K, Park A, Kim K, Park N, Park J, Yoo P (2013) Single-step solvothermal synthesis of mesoporous Ag–TiO2–reduced graphene oxide ternary composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Nanoscale 5:5093–5101
Thakur S, Karak N (2012) Green reduction of graphene oxide by aqueous phytoextracts. Carbon 50:5331–5339
Lipatov A, Varezhnikov A, Wilson P, Sysoev V, Kolmakov A, Sinitskii A (2013) Highly selective gas sensor arrays based on thermally reduced graphene oxide. Nanoscale 5:5426–5434
Feng H, Cheng R, Zhao X, Duan X, Li J (2013) Corrigendum: a low-temperature method to produce highly reduced graphene oxide. Nat Commun 4:1539
Kuila T, Mishra A, Khanra P, Kim N, Lee J (2013) Recent advances in the efficient reduction of graphene oxide and its application as energy storage electrode materials. Nanoscale 5:52–71
Pei S, Cheng H (2012) The reduction of graphene oxide. Carbon 50:3210–3228
Cote L, Cruz-Silva R, Huang J (2009) Flash reduction and patterning of graphite oxide and its polymer composite. J Am Chem Soc 131:11027–11032
Gilje S, Dubin S, Badakhshan A, Farrar J, Danczyk S, Kaner R (2010) Photothermal deoxygenation of graphene oxide for patterning and distributed ignition applications. Adv Mater 22:419–423
Williams G, Seger B, Kamat P (2008) TiO2-graphene nanocomposites UV-assisted photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide. ACS Nano 2:1487–1491
Ng Y, Iwase A, Kudo A, Amal R (2010) Reducing graphene oxide on a visible-light BiVO4 photocatalyst for an enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Phys Chem Lett 1:2607–2612
Mukherjee R, Thomas A, Krishnamurthy A, Koratkar N (2012) Photothermally reduced graphene as high-power anodes for lithium-ion batteries. ACS Nano 6:7867–7878
Han D, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Xia H, Feng J, Chen Q, Xu H, Sun H (2015) Moisture-responsive graphene paper prepared by self-controlled photoreduction. Adv Mater 27:332–338
Cai J, Lv C, Aoyagi E, Ogawa S, Watanabe A (2018) Laser direct writing of a high-performance all-graphene humidity sensor working in a novel sensing mode for portable electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:23987–23996
Zheng X, Jia B, Chen X, Gu M (2014) In situ third-order non-linear responses during laser reduction of graphene oxide thin films towards on-chip non-linear photonic devices. Adv Mater 26:2699–2703
Trusovas R, Ratautas K, Račiukaitis G, Barkauskas J, Stankevičienė I, Niaura G, Mažeikienė R (2013) Reduction of graphite oxide to graphene with laser irradiation. Carbon 52:574–582
Chen W, Li S, Chen C, Yan L (2011) Self-assembly and embedding of nanoparticles by in situ reduced graphene for preparation of a 3D graphene/nanoparticle aerogel. Adv Mater 23:5679–5683
Abdelsayed V, Moussa S, Hassan H, Aluri H, Collinson M, El-Shall M (2010) Photothermal deoxygenation of graphite oxide with laser excitation in solution and graphene-aided increase in water temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 1:2804–2809
Kim S, Parvez M, Chhowalla M (2009) UV-reduction of graphene oxide and its application as an interfacial layer to reduce the back-transport reactions in dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Phys Lett 483:124–127
Ding Y, Zhang P, Zhuo Q, Ren H, Yang Z, Jiang Y (2011) A green approach to the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets under UV irradiation. Nanotechnology 22:215601
Sokolov D, Rouleau C, Geohegan D, Orlando T (2013) Excimer laser reduction and patterning of graphite oxide. Carbon 53:81–89
Arul R, Oosterbeek R, Robertson J, Xu G, Jin J, Simpson M (2016) The mechanism of direct laser writing of graphene features into graphene oxide films involves photoreduction and thermally assisted structural rearrangement. Carbon 99:423–431
Prezioso S, Perrozzi F, Donarelli M, Bisti F, Santucci S, Palladino L, Nardone M, Treossi E et al (2012) Large area extreme-UV lithography of graphene oxide via spatially resolved photoreduction. Langmuir 28:5489–5495
Smirnov V, Arbuzov A, Shul’ga Y, Baskakov S, Martynenko V, Muradyan V, Kresova E (2011) Photoreduction of graphite oxide. High Energy Chem 45:57–61
Guo L, Jiang H, Shao R et al (2012) Two-beam-laser interference mediated reduction, patterning and nanostructuring of graphene oxide for the production of a flexible humidity sensing device. Carbon 50:1667–1673
Matsumoto Y, Koinuma M, Kim S, Watanabe Y, Taniguchi T, Hatakeyama K, Tateishi H, Ida S (2010) Simple photoreduction of graphene oxide nanosheet under mild conditions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:3461–3466
Sokolov D, Shepperd K, Orlando T (2010) Formation of graphene features from direct laser-induced reduction of graphite oxide. J Phys Chem Lett 1:2633–2636
Wang L, Lin X, Hu W et al (2015) Broadband tunable liquid crystal terahertz waveplates driven with porous graphene electrodes. Light Sci Appl 4:e342
Dai Z, Xiao X, Wu W et al (2015) Plasmon-driven reaction controlled by the number of graphene layers and localized surface plasmon distribution during optical excitation. Light Sci Appl 4:e253
Chen J, Zheng B, Shao G et al (2015) An all-optical modulator based on a stereo graphene–microfiber structure. Light Sci Appl 4:e360
Zhu L, Liu F, Lin H et al (2016) Angle-selective perfect absorption with two dimensional materials. Light Sci Appl 5:e16052
Xu Q, Ma T, Danesh M et al (2017) Effects of edge on graphene plasmons as revealed by infrared nanoimaging. Light Sci Appl 6:e16204
Fatt T, Tao Y, Soon T, Wei H, Haur S (2012) Direct laser-enabled graphene oxide-reduced graphene oxide layered structures with micropatterning. J Appl Phys 112:064309
Zhou Y, Bao Q, Varghese B, Tang L, Tan C, Sow C, Loh K (2010) Microstructuring of graphene oxide nanosheets using direct laser writing. Adv Mater 22:67–71
Avella-oliver M, Morais S, Puchades R, Maquieira Á (2016) Towards photochromic and thermochromic biosensing. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 79:37–45
Strong V, Dubin S, El-Kady M, Lech A, Wang Y, Weiller B, Kaner R (2012) Patterning and electronic tuning of laser scribed graphene for flexible all-carbon devices. ACS Nano 6:1395–1403
Zhang Y, Guo L, Wei S, He Y, Xia H, Chen Q, Sun H, Xiao F (2010) Direct imprinting of microcircuits on graphene oxides film by femtosecond laser reduction. Nano Today 5:15–20
Guo L, Zhang Y, Han D et al (2014) Laser-mediated programmable N doping and simultaneous reduction of graphene oxides. Adv Opt Mater 2:120–125
Kim G, Shao L, Zhang K (2013) Engineered doping of organic semiconductors for enhanced thermoelectric efficiency. Nat Mater 12:719–723
Dianov E (2012) Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a challenging active medium for near-IR lasers and optical amplifiers. Light Sci Appl 1:e12
Xing G, Yi J, Yan F, Wu T, Li S (2014) Positive magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic Nd-doped In2O3 thin films grown by pulse laser deposition. Appl Phys Lett 104:202411
Park S, An J, Potts J, Velamakanni A, Murali S, Ruoff R (2011) Hydrazine-reduction of graphite-and graphene oxide. Carbon 49:3019–3023
Reddy A, Srivastava A, Gowda S, Gowda S, Gullapalli H, Dubey M, Ajayan P (2010) Synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene films for lithium battery application. ACS Nano 4:6337–6342
Liang M, Zhi L (2009) Graphene-based electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. J Mater Chem 19:5871–5878
Zhao X, Hayner C, Kung M, Kung H (2012) Photothermal-assisted fabrication of iron fluoride–graphene composite paper cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Chem Commun 48:9909–9911
Wang W, Song X, Gu C, Liu D, Liu J, Huang J (2018) A high-capacity NiCo2O4@reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite Li-ion battery anode. J Alloy Compd 741:223–230
Wang G, Zhang J, Yang S, Wang F, Zhuang X, Müllen K, Feng X (2018) Vertically aligned MoS2 nanosheets patterned on electrochemically exfoliated graphene for high-performance lithium and sodium storage. Adv Energy Mater 8:1702254
Kötz R, Carlen M (2000) Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors. Electrochim Acta 45:2483–2498
Wei W, Cui X, Chen W, Ivey D (2011) Manganese oxide-based materials as electrochemical supercapacitor electrodes. Chem Soc Rev 40:1697–1721
Chen H, Cong T, Yang W, Tan C, Li Y, Ding Y (2009) Progress in electrical energy storage system: a critical review. Prog Nat Sci 19:291–312
Kaempgen M, Chan C, Ma J, Cui Y, Gruner G (2009) Printable thin film supercapacitors using single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nano Lett 9:1872–1876
Dong X, Xu H, Wang X et al (2012) 3D graphene–cobalt oxide electrode for high-performance supercapacitor and enzymeless glucose detection. ACS Nano 6:3206–3213
Yan J, Wang Q, Wei T, Fan Z (2014) Recent advances in design and fabrication of electrochemical supercapacitors with high energy densities. Adv Energy Mater 4:1300816
Yu Z, Tetard L, Zhai L, Thomas J (2015) Supercapacitor electrode materials: nanostructures from 0 to 3 dimensions. Energy Environ Sci 8:702–730
El-Kady M, Strong V, Dubin S, Kaner R (2012) Laser scribing of high-performance and flexible graphene-based electrochemical capacitors. Science 335:1326–1330
Gao W, Singh N, Song L et al (2011) Direct laser writing of micro-supercapacitors on hydrated graphite oxide films. Nat Nanotechnol 6:496–500
Fu L, Wang A, Lai G et al (2018) A glassy carbon electrode modified with N-doped carbon dots for improved detection of hydrogen peroxide and paracetamol. Mikrochim Acta 185:87
Wang X, Ouyang Y, Li X, Wang H, Guo J, Dai H (2008) Room-temperature all-semiconducting sub-10-nm graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors. Phys Rev Lett 100:206803
Zhang Y, Tang T, Girit C, Hao Z, Martin M, Zettl A, Crommie M, Shen Y et al (2009) Direct observation of a widely tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene. Nature 459:820–823
Ni Z, Yu T, Lu Y, Wang Y, Feng Y, Shen Z (2008) Uniaxial strain on graphene: Raman spectroscopy study and band-gap opening. ACS Nano 2:2301–2305
Ghosh D, Lim J, Narayan R, Kim S (2016) High energy density all solid state asymmetric pseudocapacitors based on free standing reduced graphene oxide-Co3O4 composite aerogel electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:22253–22260
Feng L, Wang K, Zhang X, Sun X, Li C, Ge X, Ma Y (2018) Flexible solid-state supercapacitors with enhanced performance from hierarchically graphene nanocomposite electrodes and ionic liquid incorporated gel polymer electrolyte. Adv Funct Mater 28:1704463
Wang Q, Jian M, Wang C, Zhang Y (2017) Carbonized silk nanofiber membrane for transparent and sensitive electronic skin. Adv Funct Mater 27:1605657
Kymakis E, Savva K, Stylianakis M, Fotakis C, Stratakis E (2013) Flexible organic photovoltaic cells with in situ nonthermal photoreduction of spin-coated graphene oxide electrodes. Adv Funct Mater 23:2742–2749
Guo L, Shao R, Zhang Y (2012) Bandgap tailoring and synchronous microdevices patterning of graphene oxides. J Phys Chem C 116:3594–3599
Meng F, Zheng H, Chang Y, Zhao Y, Li M, Wang C, Sun Y, Liu J (2018) One-step synthesis of Au/SnO2/RGO nanocomposites and their VOC sensing properties. IEEE T Nanotechnol 17:212–219
Tian H, Fan H, Ma J, Liu Z, Ma L, Lei S, Fang J, Long C (2018) Pt-decorated zinc oxide nanorod arrays with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for highly efficient dual-functional gas sensing. J Hazard Mater 341:102–111
Wang T, Huang D, Yang Z, Xu S, He G, Li X, Hu N, Yin G et al (2016) A review on graphene-based gas/vapor sensors with unique properties and potential applications. Nanomicro Lett 8:95–119
Wong T, Kang S, Tang S, Smythe E, Hatton B, Grinthal A, Aizenberg J (2011) Bioinspired self-repairing slippery surfaces with pressure-stable omniphobicity. Nature 477:443–447
Zheng Y, Bai H, Huang Z, Tian X, Nie F, Zhao Y, Zhai J, Jiang L (2010) Directional water collection on wetted spider silk. Nature 463:640–643
Yao X, Song Y, Jiang L (2011) Applications of bio-inspired special wettable surfaces. Adv Mater 23:719–734
Feng L, Li S, Li Y et al (2003) Super-hydrophobic surfaces: from natural to artificial. Adv Mater 14:1857–1860
Li X, Reinhoudt D, Crego-Calama M (2007) What do we need for a superhydrophobic surface? A review on the recent progress in the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 36:1350–1368
Jiang H, Zhang Y, Han D, Xia H, Feng J, Chen Q, Hong Z, Sun H (2014) Bioinspired fabrication of superhydrophobic graphene films by two-beam laser interference. Adv Funct Mater 24:4595–4602
Cheng H, Liu J, Zhao Y, Hu C, Zhang Z, Chen N, Jiang L, Qu L (2013) Graphene fibers with predetermined deformation as moisture-triggered actuators and robots. Ange Chem Int Ed 52:10482–10486
Han D, Zhang Y, Liu Y et al (2015) Bioinspired graphene actuators prepared by unilateral UV irradiation of graphene oxide papers. Adv Funct Mater 25:4548–4557
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grants (51705192, 11804334); the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M611325); and the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX201600064).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, H., Zhao, B., Liu, Y. et al. Review of photoreduction and synchronous patterning of graphene oxide toward advanced applications. J Mater Sci 55, 480–497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03981-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03981-z