Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

‘He Wasn’t Falling Apart … We were Falling Apart’ Understanding the Mental Health Impacts on Parents of Youth Who Sexually Offend

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Family Violence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Youth sexual offending is a serious societal concern that impacts the well-being of multiple individuals, including caregivers. The current study used a mixed-methods design to examine the mental health consequences to parents of youth who have committed a sexual offence. Semi-structured interviews and self-report questionnaires were employed with 16 parents from 10 families in Canada. Seven themes emerged from our quantitative and qualitative analyses: immediate emotional impacts; perceived stress; mood difficulties; hopelessness; and coping strategies (avoidance, problem solving, social support). We also examined ongoing parenting challenges in addressing the repercussions of the offending behavior, as well as parents’ hopes for the future of their family. Overall, findings point to the necessity of providing intervention services to parents not only to help them meet the needs of sexual offending-affected children but also to ensure their well-being so that they are able to more effectively advocate for the children in their care.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. http://droitcivil.uottawa.ca/interdisciplinary-research-laboratory-rights-child/gervaischristine-romano-elisa

References

  • Allen, M. K., & Superle, T. (2014). Youth crime in Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amirkhan, J. H. (1990). A factor analytically derived measure of coping: The Coping Strategy Indicator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1066–1075. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.1066.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amirkhan, J. H. (1994). Criterion validity of a coping measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 62, 242–261. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6202_6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1988). Beck Hopelessness Scale manual. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 861–865.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg, B. (2007). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, L. (2002). Unrecognised victims: The parents of child and adolescent offenders. Issues in Forensic Psychology, 3, 49–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briere, J. (1997). Psychological assessment of adult posttraumatic states. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creamer, M., Bell, R., & Failla, S. (2003). Psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale – Revised. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1489–1496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.010.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkelhor, D., Hammer, H., & Sedlak, A. J. (2008). Sexually assaulted children: National estimates and characteristics. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

  • Gervais, C., & Romano, E. (2018). Safeguarding child rights and enhancing caregiver responsibilities among Canadian parents of youth who sexually offend. Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, 76, 502–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.12.005.

  • Hackett, S. (2004). What works for children and young people with harmful sexual behaviours? Barkingside: Barnardos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, S., Masson, H., & Phillips, S. (2005). Services for young people who sexually abuse. London: NSPCC, Youth Justice Board and National Organisation for the Treatment of Abusers.

  • Hackett, S., Phillips, J., Balfe, M., & Masson, H. (2014). Family responses to young people who have sexually abused: Anger, ambivalence and acceptance. Children & Society, 28, 128–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.2012.00471.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. (2015). Parents of adolescents who have sexually offended: Providing support and coping with the experience. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30, 1299–1321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514540325.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, S. (2011). The lived experience of parents of adolescents who have sexually offended: I am a survivor. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 7, 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3938.2011.01116.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberti, J. W., Harrington, L. N., & Storch, E. A. (2006). Further psychometric support for the 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale. Journal of College Counseling, 9, 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2006.tb00100.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, S. R. (2014). Integrating families into treatment for adolescents with illegal sexual behavior. In D. S. Bromberg & W. T. O’Donohue (Eds.), Toolkit for working with juvenile sex offenders (pp. 507–532). San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Steer, R. A., & Clark, D. A. (1997). Psychometric characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with college students. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 30, 128–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. M. (2015). Psychometric analysis of the ten-item Perceived Stress Scale. Psychological Assessment, 27, 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, J. A., Stevens, G., Grant, J., Indermaur, D., Chamarette, C., & Halse, A. (2008). Intrafamilial adolescent sex offenders: Family functioning and treatment. Journal of Family Studies, 14, 362–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, D., McGover, S., Poey, E., & Otis, K. (2004). Treatment effectiveness for male adolescent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis and review. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13, 281–293. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v13n03_14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale–Revised. In J. P. Wilson & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD: A practitioner’s handbook (pp. 399–411). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worley, K. B., Church, J. K., & Clemmons, J. C. (2011). Parents of adolescents who have committed sexual offenses: Characteristics, challenges, and interventions. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17, 433–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104511417787.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoder, J. R., Hansen, J., Lobanov-Rostovsky, C., & Ruch, D. (2015). The impact of family service involvement on treatment completion and general recidivism among male youthful sexual offenders. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54, 256–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2015.1025177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zankman, S., & Bonomo, J. (2004). Working with parents to reduce juvenile sex offender recidivism. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13, 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v13n03_08.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank the parents who participated in the study and the hospital-based social worker who helped with the development of our interview guide and with participant recruitment. We also wish to thank the research assistants (Matthew Johnston, Leslie Guldimann, Serenna Dastouri, Marshneil Vaz, Elena Gallitto, and Lyzon Babchishin). We also acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Elizabeth Jeglic at the outset of this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elisa Romano.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Romano, E., Gervais, C. ‘He Wasn’t Falling Apart … We were Falling Apart’ Understanding the Mental Health Impacts on Parents of Youth Who Sexually Offend. J Fam Viol 33, 491–505 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-018-9975-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-018-9975-2

Keywords

Navigation