Skip to main content
Log in

Friends with Benefits: Dating Practices of Rural High School and College Students

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Community Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A specific type of casual relationship known as “Friends with Benefits” (FWB) is becoming increasingly popular among youth. However, current research has often examined the dating practices of urban college students, resulting in a limited understanding of rural youth. Potential risk factors associated with FWB include increased sexual risk behavior. The current study examined FWB among rural high school and college students (N = 100). No differences emerged in the rates of FWB between high school and college youth or males and females. College students and those participating in FWB reported more sexual risk behavior than high school students and those never engaging in FWB. Results suggest that FWB relationships are common among high school students and rural youth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Paik, A. (2010). “Hookups”, dating, and relationship quality: Does the type of sexual involvement matter? Social Science Research, 39, 739–753. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.03.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bisson, M., & Levine, T. (2009). Negotiating a friends with benefits relationship. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 66–73. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9211-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. McGinty, K. E., Knox, D., & Zusman, M. E. (2007). Friends with benefits: Women want “friends,” men want “benefits.”. College Student Journal, 4, 1128–1131.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Owen, J., & Fincham, F. D. (2011). Effects of gender and psychosocial factors on “friends with benefits” relationships among young adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 311–320. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9611-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mongeau, P. A., Ramirez, A., & Vorell, M. (2003). Friends with benefits: Initial explorations of sexual, non-romantic, relationships. Unpublished manuscript, Arizona State University at Tempe.

  6. Lehmiller, J. J., VanderDrift, L. E., & Kelly, J. R. (2014). Sexual communication, satisfaction, and condom use behavior in friends with benefits and romantic partners. The Journal of Sex Research, 51, 74–85. doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.719167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fromme, K., Corbin, W. R., & Kruse, M. I. (2008). Behavioral risks during the transition from high school to college. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1497–1504. doi:10.1037/a0012614.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Fielder, R. L., Walsh, J. L., & Carey, K. B. (2014). Sexual hookups and adverse health outcomes: A longitudinal study of first-year college women. The Journal of Sex Research, 51, 131–144. doi:10.1080/00224499.2013.848255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Epstein, M., Calzo, J. P., Smiler, A. P., & Ward, L. M. (2009). “Anything from making out to having sex”: Men’s negotiations of hooking up and friends with benefits scripts. The Journal of Sex Research, 46, 414–424. doi:10.1080/00224490902775801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Owen, J., & Fincham, F. D. (2011). Young adults’ emotional reactions after hooking up encounters. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 321–330. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9652-x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Paul, E. L., & Hayes, K. A. (2002). The casualties of ‘casual’ sex: A qualitative exploration of the phenomenology of college students’ hookups. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 19, 639–661. doi:10.1177/0265407502195006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Fielder, R. L., & Carey, M. P. (2010). Predictors and consequences of sexual “hookups” among college students: A short-term prospective study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 1105–1119. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9448-4.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kelley, S. S., Borawski, E. A., Flocke, S. A., & Keen, K. J. (2003). The role of sequential and concurrent sexual relationships in the risk of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 32, 296–305. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00710-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Vanderdrift, L. E., Lehmiller, J. J., & Kelly, J. R. (2012). Commitment in friends with benefits relationships: Implications for relational and safe-sex outcomes. Personal Relationships, 19, 1–13. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01324.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Townsend, J. M., & Wasserman, T. H. (2011). Sexual hookups among college students: Sex differences in emotional reactions. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 1173–1181. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9841-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Matthews, J. (2013). Condom use and trust differences by relationship type: friends with benefits, committed relationships, and casual sex. Unpublished Dissertation.

  17. Mongeau, P., Knight, K., Williams, J., Eden, J., & Shaw, C. (2013). Identifying and explicating variation among friends with benefits relationships. The Journal of Sex Research, 50, 37–47. doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.623797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lichter, D. T., & Brown, D. L. (2011). Rural America in an urban society: Changing spatial and social boundaries. Annual Review of Sociology, 37, 565–592. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lalor, K., O’Regan, C., & Quinlan, S. (2003). Determinants of sexual behaviour. Irish Journal Of Sociology, 12, 121–133.

    Google Scholar 

  20. U. S. Census. (2013). 2010 census urban and rural classification and urban area classification. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from: http://www.census.gov/geo/reference/ua/urban-rural-2010.html.

  21. Garcia, J. R., & Reiber, C. (2008). Hook-up behavior: A biopsychosocial perspective. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 2(4), 192–208. doi:10.1037/h0099345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Metzger, D. S., Woody, G. E., Druley, P., O’Brien, C. P., McLellan, A. T., & Williams, J.,… O’Brien, C. P. (1991). Psychiatric symptoms, high risk behaviors and HIV positivity among methadone patients. In L. Harris (Ed.), Problems of drug dependence (pp. 490–491). NIDA Research Monograph No. 105. Rockville, MD: NIDA.

  23. Johnson, T., Aschkenasy, J., Herbers, M., & Gillenwater, S. (1996). Self-reported risk factors for AIDS among homeless youth. AIDS Education and Prevention, 8, 308–322.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kann, L., Nelson, G., Jones, J., & Kolbe, L. (1989). Establishing a system of complementary school-based surveys to annually assess HIV-related knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors among adolescents. Journal of School Health, 59, 55–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Zanis, D. A., Cohen, E., Meyers, K., & Cnaan, R. A. (1997). HIV risks among homeless men differentiated by cocaine use and psychiatric distress. Addictive Behaviors, 22, 287–292. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(96)00021-4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Letcher, A., & Slesnick, N. (2014). Early relationships of adolescents: Evaluation and observation of romantic attachment and risk behavior. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31, 366–383. doi:10.1177/0265407513496368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hughes, M., Morrison, K., & Asada, K. J. K. (2005). What’s love got to do with it? Exploring the impact of maintenance rules, love attitudes, and network support on friends with benefits relationships. Western Journal of Communication, 69, 49–66. doi:10.1080/10570310500034154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Puentes, J., Knox, D., & Zusman, M. E. (2008). Participants in “friends with benefits” relationships. College Student Journal, 42, 176–180.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chernin, A., Rich, M., & Shing, R. (2010). Prevalence of adolescent friends with benefits relationships varies by attitude, not by age. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46, S35. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.084.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Fortunato, L., Young, A. M., Boyd, C. J., & Fons, C. E. (2010). Hook-up sexual experiences and problem behaviors among adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 19, 261–278. doi:10.1080/1067828X.2010.488965.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gluck, W. (Director) (2011). Friends with benefits [Motion picture]. United States: Sony.

  32. Reitman, I. (Director) (2011). No strings attached [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount.

  33. Neustadter, S., & Weber, M. H. (Creators) (2011). Friends with benefits [Television series]. United States: 20th Century Fox.

  34. Denizet-Lewis, B. (2004). Friends, friends with benefits and the benefits of the local mall. New York Times Magazine, 30, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Grello, C. M., Welsh, D. P., & Harper, M. S. (2006). No strings attached: The nature of casual sex in college students. The Journal of Sex Research, 43, 255–267. doi:10.1080/00224490609552324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Hill, C. A. (2002). Gender, relationship stage, and sexual behavior: The importance of partner emotional investment within specific situations. The Journal of Sex Research, 39, 228–240. doi:10.1080/00224490209552145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Semke, C. A., & Sheridan, S. M. (2012). Family-school connections in rural educational settings: A systematic review empirical literature. School Community Journal, 22(1), 21–47.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Eisenberg, M. E., Ackard, D. M., Resnick, M. D., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2009). Casual sex and psychological health among young adults: Is having “friends with benefits” emotionally damaging? Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41, 231–237. doi:10.1363/4123109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Owen, J. J., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Fincham, F. D. (2010). “Hooking up” among college students: Demographic and psychosocial correlates. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 653–663. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9414-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Paul, E. L., McManus, B., & Hayes, A. (2000). “Hookups”: Characteristics and correlates of college students’ spontaneous and anonymous sexual experiences. The Journal of Sex Research, 37, 76–88. doi:10.1080/00224490009552023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1998). Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 18, 765–794.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Binn-Pike, L. (2008). Sex education in rural schools in the United States: Impact of rural educators’ community identities. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 8, 77–92. doi:10.1080/14681810701811845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Ng, A. S., & Kaye, K. (2013). Teen childbearing in rural America. The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 47, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a Grant through the Research and Scholarship Support Fund, South Dakota State University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amber Letcher.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Letcher, A., Carmona, J. Friends with Benefits: Dating Practices of Rural High School and College Students. J Community Health 40, 522–529 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-014-9966-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-014-9966-z

Keywords

Navigation