Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Thermal-Induced Effects on the Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Indigo Carmine Dye Removal

  • Published:
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were formed using the chemical precipitation method. The effect of the calcination process on the structural parameters, optical bandgap, and photocatalytic performance was investigated. The structural characteristics were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD analysis reveals that the formed NiO crystallized in an fcc crystal structure and the calcination process influences the crystallite size, microstrain, dislocation density, and average surface area. For example, the smallest and largest particle sizes (19.13 nm and 27.63 nm) were achieved for the samples prepared at 800 °C for 4 h and 900 °C for 2 h, respectively. Based on the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis, the energy bandgap has the lowest values (3.33 eV) for the prepared NiO that calcinated at 800 °C for 2 h compared with other samples. The formation of a Ni–O stretching vibration mode is revealed by FTIR, and the broadness of the absorption band confirms that the NiO samples are nanocrystals. The morphology of the prepared NiO reveals the formation of spherical nanoparticles for NiO calcinated at 700 °C, while dodecahedron-like shapes were observed for NiO calcinated at 800 and 900 °C. The photocatalytic performance of NiO nanoparticles as catalysts for the degradation of indigo carmine dye was investigated under ultraviolet–visible irradiation up to 3 h. The best degradation efficiency was found to be 76% for NiO calcinated at 800 °C for 4 h, which belonged to the smallest crystallite size of 19.13 nm, and the highest surface area of 47.02 m2 g−1. The superior and excellent performance of this sample compared to other samples was confirmed by achieving the highest reaction rate constant (4.51 × 10−3 min−1). The proposed photodegradation mechanism shows the importance of increasing the time required for the recombination process between the positive holes and the excited electrons, which is the best possible when using the optimum photocatalyst sample that was prepared at 800 °C for 4 h.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A.A. Balhaddad et al., Metal oxide nanoparticles and nanotubes: ultrasmall nanostructures to engineer antibacterial and improved dental adhesives and composites. Bioengineering 8(10), 146 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. S.A.A. Shukor et al., Metal oxide and activated carbon as photocatalyst for waste water treatment. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 557(1), 012066 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Sekar, D.Y. Kim, S. Lee, Excellent oxygen evolution reaction of activated carbon-anchored NiO nanotablets prepared by green routes. Nanomaterials 10, 1382 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. T. Linda, S. Muthupoongodi, X.S. Shajan, S. Balakumar, Fabrication and characterization of chitosan templated CdO/NiO nanocomposite for dye degradation. Optik 127, 8287–8293 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. B.J. Rani, G. Ravi, R. Yuvakkumar, S. Ravichandran, F. Ameen, A. Al-Sabri, Efficient, highly stable Zn-doped NiO nanocluster electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting applications. J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol. 89, 500–510 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. H.L.S. Santos, P.G. Corradini, M. Medina, J.A. Dias, L.H. Mascaro, NiMo–NiCu inexpensive composite with high activity for hydrogen evolution reaction. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 17492–17501 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. V. Selvanathan, M.H. Ruslan, M. Aminuzzaman, G. Muhammad, N. Amin, K. Sopian, M. Akhtaruzzaman, Resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) as a novel plasticizer for starch-based solid biopolymer electrolyte. Polymers 12, 2170 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Akbayrak, A.M. Önal, Metal oxides supported cobalt nanoparticles: active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim. Acta 393, 139053 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Z.T. Althagafi et al., Differential electroanalysis of dopamine in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid at a nickel oxide nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode. J. Sens. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8873930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. R. Vinoth, P. Karthik, K. Devan, B. Neppolian, M. Ashokkumar, TiO2–NiO p–n nanocomposite with enhanced sonophotocatalytic activity under diffused sunlight. Ultrason. Sonochem. 35, 655–663 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Q. Li, L.-S. Wang, B.-Y. Hu, C. Yang, L. Zhou, L. Zhang, Preparation and characterization of NiO nanoparticles through calcination of malate gel. Mater. Lett. 61, 1615–1618 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. X. Xin, Z. Lü, B. Zhou et al., Effect of synthesis conditions on the performance of weakly agglomerated nanocrystalline NiO. J. Alloys Compd. 427, 251–255 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Y. Wu, Y. He, T. Wu, T. Chen, W. Weng, H. Wan, Influence of some parameters on the synthesis of nanosized NiO material by modified sol-gel method. Mater. Lett. 61, 3174–3178 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M.I. Awad et al., Nickel oxide nanoparticles modified gold electrode for fractional determination of dopamine and ascorbic acid. J. Anal. Chem. 73(12), 1188–1194 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Bafekry et al., Investigation of vacancy defects and substitutional doping in AlSb monolayer with double layer honeycomb structure: a first-principles calculation. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 34(6), 065701 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. Bafekry et al., Tunable electronic properties of porous graphitic carbon nitride (C6N7) monolayer by atomic doping and embedding: a first-principle study. Appl. Surf. Sci. 583, 152270 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Bafekry et al., Band-gap engineering, magnetic behavior and Dirac-semimetal character in the MoSi2N4 nanoribbon with armchair and zigzag edges. J. Phys. D 55(3), 035301 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Bafekry et al., Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of MoSi2N4 monolayer via vacancy defects, atomic adsorption and atomic doping. Appl. Surf. Sci. 559, 149862 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. El-Kemary, N. Nagy, I. El-Mehasseb, Nickel oxide nanoparticles: synthesis and spectral studies of interactions with glucose. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 16, 1747–1752 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. F. Davar, Z. Fereshteha, M. Salavati-Niasari, Nanoparticles Ni and NiO: synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties. J. Alloys Compd. 476, 797–801 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. H.M. Mohaideen, S.S. Fareed, B. Natarajan, Role of calcination temperatures on the structural and optical properties of NiO nanoparticle. Surf. Rev. Lett. 26, 1950043 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R.B. da Silva, R.A. Pinto, J.M. Soares, A. Franco Jr., M.A. Correa, F. Bohn, J.A.P. da Costa, Effect of the synthesis method and calcination temperature on the formation of Ni–NiO nanocomposites. J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol. 91(2), 286–294 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M.R. Aravind, C. Kalaiselvi, B. Revathi, A.N. Grace, S. Pitchaimuthu, S. Suresh, V. Sindhu, N.K. Chandar, Influence of various concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles for supercapacitor application. NANO 16(12), 2150138 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A.A. Ezhilarasi, J.J. Vijaya, K. Kaviy, L.J. Kennedy, R.J. Ramalingam, H.A. Al-Lohedan, Green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using Aegle marmelos leaf extract for the evaluation of in-vitro cytotoxicity, antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 180, 39–50 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. T. Zahra, K.S. Ahmad, Structural, optical and electrochemical studies of organo-templated wet synthesis of cubic shaped nickel oxide nanoparticles. Optik 205, 164241 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. K. Baranwal, L.M. Dwivedi, Shehala, V. Singh, Guar gum mediated synthesis of NiO nanoparticles: an efficient catalyst for reduction of nitroarenes with sodium borohydride. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 120, 2431–2441 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Bhagat et al., Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Rosa brunonii Lindl and their morphological, biological and photocatalytic characterizations. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. 29(3), 1039–1047 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Prerna et al., Morphological and optical characterization of sol–gel synthesized Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Integr. Ferroelectr. 205(1), 1–13 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Singh et al., Promising photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye via sol-gel synthesized Ag–CdS@Pr-TiO2 core/shell nanoparticles. Physica B 616, 413121 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Ahmed et al., Investigating the thermographical effect on optical properties of Eu doped Y2O3:TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized via sol–gel method. Solid State Sci. 116, 106617 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. B. Singh et al., Electrochemical sensing and photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol via bismuth(III) oxide nanowires. J. Mol. Struct. 1255, 132379 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. B. Singh et al., Effect of Pd concentration on the structural, morphological and photodiode properties of TiO2 nanoparticles. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 31(1), 65–74 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. R. Packiaraj, K. Mahendraprabhu, P. Devendran, N. Nallamuthu, B. Palanivel, K.S. Venkatesh, R. Karuppannan, Electrochemical performances of ZnO–NiO–CuO mixed metal oxides as smart electrode material for solid-state asymmetric device fabrication. Energy Fuels (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. E.F. Abo Zeid, A.M. Nassar, M.A. Hussein, M.M. Alam, A.M. Asiri, H.H. Hegazy, M.M. Rahman, Mixed oxides CuO–NiO fabricated for selective detection of 2-aminophenol by electrochemical approach. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9(2), 1457–1467 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. A.M. Ali, R. Najmy, Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of NiO–SiO2 nanocomposites prepared by sol–gel technique. Catal. Today 208, 2–6 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Ahmad, K. Majid, M.A. Dar, Controlled synthesis of p-type NiO/n-type GO nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic activity and study of temperature effect on the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite. Appl. Surf. Sci. 457, 417–426 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. E.F. Abo Zeid, I.A. Ibrahem, A.A. Massad, W.A.A. Mohamed, The effect of CdO content on the crystal structure, surface morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic efficiency of p-NiO/n-CdO nanocomposite. Results Phys. 12, 562–570 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Junaid, M.M. Shah, A. Noor, M. Javed, Hydrothermal preparation of iron doped nickel oxide for electrochemical sensing of urea. Chem. Phys. Impact 3, 100052–100059 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. J. Al Boukhair, A. Khalaf, R.S. Hassan, R. Awad, Structural, optical and magnetic properties of pure and rare earth-doped NiO nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. A 126, 1–13 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. S. Layek, H.C. Verma, Room temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped NiO nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 397, 73–78 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. N.D. Cuong, T.D. Tran, Q.T. Nguyen, H. Van Minh Hai, T.T. Hoa, D.T. Quang, W. Klysubun, P.D. Tran, Highly porous Co-doped NiO nanorods: facile hydrothermal synthesis and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution properties. R. Soc. Open Sci. 8(9), 202352 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. L.G. Teoh, K.-D. Li, Synthesis and characterization of NiO nanoparticles by sol–gel method. Mater. Trans. 53(12), 2135–2140 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. K. Varunkumar, R. Hussain, G. Hegde, A.S. Ethiraj, Effect of calcination temperature on Cu doped NiO nanoparticles prepared via wet-chemical method: structural, optical and morphological studies. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 66, 149–156 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. A.L. Patterson, The Scherrer formula for X-ray particle size determination. Phys. Rev. 56(10), 978 (1939)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. M. Vautier, C. Guillard, J.M. Herrmann, Photocatalytic degradation of dyes in water: case study of indigo and of indigo carmine. J. Catal. 201(1), 46–59 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. A.K. Subramani et al., Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye using TiO2 impregnated activated carbon. Bull. Mater. Sci. 30(1), 37–41 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. A.G.S. Prado et al., Nb2O5 as efficient and recyclable photocatalyst for indigo carmine degradation. Appl. Catal. B 82(3–4), 219–224 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. R. Abdel-Aziz, M.A. Ahmed, M.F. Abdel-Messih, A novel UV and visible light driven photocatalyst AgIO4/ZnO nanoparticles with highly enhanced photocatalytic performance for removal of rhodamine B and indigo carmine dyes. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 389, 112245 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. M.S. Alshatwi, H.A. Alburaih, S.S. Alghamdi, D.A. Alfadhil, J.A. Alshehri, F.A. Aljamaan, Iron-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesis and analyzing different properties. Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 6(1), 1422–1426 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Y.T. Prabhu et al., X-ray analysis by Williamson–Hall and size-strain plot methods of ZnO nanoparticles with fuel variation. World J. Nano Sci. Eng. (2014). https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnse.2014.41004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. K.B. Baharudin, N. Abdullah, D. Derawi, Effect of calcination temperature on the physicochemical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation. Mater. Res. Express 5(12), 125018 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. T. Thanit, C. Kongmark, Effect of calcination temperature on structural and optical properties of MAl2O4 (M= Ni, Cu, Zn) aluminate spinel nanoparticles. J. Adv. Ceram. 8(3), 352–366 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. H. Qiao et al., Preparation and characterization of NiO nanoparticles by anodic arc plasma method. J. Nanomater. (2009). https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/795928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. S. Sankar et al., Gel growth of α and γ glycine and their characterization. J. Cryst. Growth 312(19), 2729–2733 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. A.I. Mitsionis, T.C. Vaimakis, C.C. Trapalis, The effect of citric acid on the sintering of calcium phosphate bioceramics. Ceram. Int. 36(2), 623–634 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Y. Wang et al., Preparation of NiO nanoparticles and their catalytic activity in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Thermochim. Acta 437(1–2), 106–109 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. A.A. Christy, O.M. Kvalheim, R.A. Velapoldi, Quantitative analysis in diffuse reflectance spectrometry: a modified Kubelka–Munk equation. Vib. Spectrosc. 9(1), 19–27 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. S. Sivakumar, N.A. Mala, Influence of variant temperatures in optical, magnetic properties of NiO nanoparticles and its supercapacitor applications via precipitation method. Asian J. Chem. 33(8), 1783–1790 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. K. Karthik, S. Dhanuskodi, C. Gobinath, S. Prabukumar, S. Sivaramakrishnan, Multifunctional properties of microwave assisted CdO–NiO–ZnO mixed metal oxide nanocomposite: enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 29(7), 5459–5471 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. N.M. Al-Hada et al., Thermal calcination-based production of SnO2 nanopowder: an analysis of SnO2 nanoparticle characteristics and antibacterial activities. Nanomaterials 8(4), 250 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. S. Dwivedi et al., Calcination temperature reflected structural, optical and magnetic properties of nickel oxide. Magnetism 2, 45–55 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. R.B. Kale, C.D. Lokhande, Influence of air annealing on the structural, optical and electrical properties of chemically deposited CdSe nano-crystallites. Appl. Surf. Sci. 223(4), 343–351 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. O.I. Omotunde, A.E. Okoronkwo, A.F. Aiyesanmi, E. Gurgur, Photocatalytic behavior of mixed oxide NiO/PdO nanoparticles toward degradation of methyl red in water. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 365, 145–150 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. J. Feng, Y. Ding, Y. Guo, X. Li, W. Li, Calcination temperature effect on the adsorption and hydrogenated dissociation of CO2 over the NiO/MgO catalyst. Fuel 109, 110–115 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. S. Samaneh, A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, A p–n junction NiO–CdS nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity: a response surface methodology study. J. Mol. Liq. 257, 173–183 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. K.V. Kumar, K. Porkodi, F. Rocha, Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics—a theoretical study. Catal. Commun. 9(1), 82–84 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. K. Kannan et al., Structural studies of bio-mediated NiO nanoparticles for photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 113, 107755 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. S.A. Bhat et al., Photocatalytic degradation of carcinogenic Congo red dye in aqueous solution, antioxidant activity and bactericidal effect of NiO nanoparticles. J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 17(1), 215–227 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. A.A. Barzinjy et al., Green and eco-friendly synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles and its photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 31, 11303–11316 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. S. Saffarzadeh, G. Nabiyouni, F. Heidary, A short time microwave method for synthesis of magnetic NiFe2O4/NiO nanocomposites as a clean technology in photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 30(9), 8171–8181 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (22UQU4250045DSR03).

Funding

This work was supported by Umm Al-Qura University [Grant No. 22UQU4250045DSR03].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyût, 71516, Egypt

    Alaa M. Abd-Elnaiem & E. F. Abo Zeid

  2. Department of Physics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

    A. Hakamy

  3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt

    Ibrahem A. Ibrahem

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Al-Mandaq, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia

    Ibrahem A. Ibrahem

  5. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khaled University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Atif M. Ali

  6. Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

    Walied A. A. Mohamed

Authors
  1. Alaa M. Abd-Elnaiem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Hakamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ibrahem A. Ibrahem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Atif M. Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Walied A. A. Mohamed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. E. F. Abo Zeid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Alaa M. Abd-Elnaiem or A. Hakamy.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abd-Elnaiem, A.M., Hakamy, A., Ibrahem, I.A. et al. Thermal-Induced Effects on the Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Indigo Carmine Dye Removal. J Inorg Organomet Polym 32, 2209–2220 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02277-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02277-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation