Abstract
Generally, in watermarking scheme the size of the watermark is very small when compare to host image. On the contrary, this is an attempt in which a new watermarking scheme is presented where the size of host image is very small when compare with watermark image. The core idea of the proposed scheme is to scale up the size of host image equal to the size of watermark via over-sampling and then decompose it using stationary wavelet transform. A gray scale watermark is embedded in the low frequency sub-band at the finest level using singular value decomposition. To prevent ambiguity and enhance the security, a binary watermark is also embedded in loss-less manner. Finally, a reliable watermark extraction scheme is developed for extracting both the watermarks. The experimental results demonstrate better visual imperceptibility and resiliency of the proposed scheme against intentional or un-intentional variety of attacks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barni M, Bartonlini F, Cappellini V, Piva A (1998) A DCT domain system for robust image watermarking. Signal Process 66(3):357–372
Barni M, Bartonlini F, Piva A (2001) Improved wavelet based watermarking through pixel wise masking. IEEE Trans Image Process 10(5):783–791
Bhatnagar G, Raman B (2008) Robust watermarking scheme based on multiresolution fractional Fourier transform. In: Proc. of Indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, Bhubaneshwar, India, pp 1–8
Bors AG, Pitas I (1998) Image watermarking using block site selection and DCT domain constraints. Optics Exp 3(12):512–523
Carroll JM, Verhagen J, Wong PT (1992) Chaos in cryptography: the escape from the strange attractor. Cryptologia 16(1):52–72
Chandra DVS (2002) Digital image watermarking using singular value decomposition. In: Proc. of IEEE midwest sym. on circuits and systems, Phoenix, AZ, pp 264–267
Chang CC, Tsai P, Lin CC (2005) SVD-based digital image watermarking scheme. Pattern Recogn Lett 26(10):577–1586
Cox IJ, Killian J, Leighton FT, Shamoon T (1997) Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Trans Image Process 6(12):1673–1687
Dawei Z, Guanrong C, Wenbo L (2004) A chaos-based robust wavelet-domain watermarking algorithm. Journal of Chaos Solitons Fractals 22(1):47–54
Devaney RL (2003) An introduction to chaotic dynamical systems. Westview Press, Colorado
Ganic E, Eskicioglu AM (2005) Robust embedding of visual watermarks using DWT-SVD. J Electron Imag 14:043004
Ganic E, Zubair N, Eskicioglu AM (2003) An optimal watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition. In: Proc. of the IASTED international conference on communication, network, and information security, Uniondale, NY, pp 85–90
Gorodetski VI, Popyack LJ, Samoilov V, Skormin VA (2001) SVD-based approach to transparent embedding data into digital images. In: Proc. of international workshop on mathematical methods, models and architectures for computer network security. St. Petersburg, Russia
Han H, Yao H, Liu S, Liu Y (2005) A fragile image watermarking based on mass and centroid. Lect Notes Comput Sci 3333:441–448
Hsu CT, Wu JL (1996) Hidden signatures in images. In: Proc. of international conference of image processing, Lausanne, vol 3, pp 223–226
Hsu CT, Wu JL (1998) Multiresolution watermarking for digital images. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 45(8):1097–1101
Hwang MS, Chang CC, Hwang KF (1999) A watermarking technique based on one-way hash functions. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 45(2):286–294
Kundur D, Hatizinakos D (2004) Towards robust logo watermarking using multi-resolution image fusion. IEEE Trans Multimedia 6(1):185–197
Lasota A, Mackey MC (1997) Chaos, fractals, and noise-stochastic aspects of dynamics. Springer, New York
Lee YK, Chen LH (2000) High capacity image steganographic model. IEE Proc Vis Image Signal Proces 147(3):288–294
Li Q, Yuan C, Zong YZ (2007) Adaptive DWT-SVD domain image watermarking using human visual model. In: Proc. of international conference on advanced communication technology, Phoenix Park, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea, pp 1947–1951
Liu R, Tan T (2002) An SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership. IEEE Trans Multimedia 4(1):121–128
Meerwald P, Uhl A (2001) A survey of wavelet-domain watermarking algorithms. In: Proc. of SPIE, electronic imaging, security and watermarking of multimedia contents III, San Jose, CA, USA, pp 4314
Nason GP, Silverman BW (1995) The stationary wavelet transform and some statistical applications. Notes Stat 108:281–289
Piva A, Barni M, Bartonlini F, Cappellini V (1997) DCT-based watermarking recovering without restoring to the uncompressed original image. In: Proc. of IEEE international conference on image processing, Washington, DC, USA, vol 1, pp 520–523
Pun CM (2006) A novel DFT-based digital watermarking system for images. In: Proc. of international conference of signal processing, Vienna, Austria, vol 2, pp 1–4
Schyndle RGV, Trikel AZ, Osbrone CF (1994) A digital watermark. In: Proc. of IEEE international conference on image processing, Austin, Texas, vol 2, pp 86–90
Shirani S, Gallant M, Kossentini F (2001) Multiple description image coding using pre- and post-processing. In: Proceedings of international conference on information technology: coding and computing, Las Vegas, Nevada, pp 35–39
Solachidis V, Pitas I (2004) Optimal detector for multiplicative watermarks embedded in the DFT domain of non-white signals. EURASIP J Appl Signal Process 2004:2522–2532
Strang G (1993) Introduction to linear algebra. Wellesley-Cambridge Press
Sverldov A, Dexter S, Eskicioglu AM (2005) Robust DCT-SVD domain image watermarking for copyright protection: embedding data in all frequencies. In: Proc. of European signal processing conference, Antalya, Turkey. http://www.eurasip.org/Proceedings/Eusipco/Eusipco2005/defevent/abstract/a1023.pdf
Wang Y, Doherty JF, Van-dyck RE (2002) A wavelet based watermarking algorithm for ownership verification of digital images. IEEE Trans Image Process 11(2):77–88
Xia X, Boncelet CG, ARCE GR (1997) A multiresolution watermark for digital images. In: Proc. of IEEE international conference on image processing, Washington, DC, USA, vol 3, pp 548–551
Yavuz E, Telatar Z (2007) Improved SVD-DWT based digital image watermarking against watermark ambiguity. In: Proc. of ACM symposium on applied computing, Seoul, Korea, pp 1051–1055.
Zeng BLW, Lei S (1999) Extraction of multiresolution watermark images for resolving rightful ownership. In: Proc. of SPIE, security and watermarking of multimedia contents, San Jose, CA, vol 3657, pp 404–414
Zhang XP, Li K (2005) An SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership. IEEE Trans Multimedia 7(2):593–594
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhatnagar, G., Wu, Q.M.J. & Raman, B. A new aspect in robust digital watermarking. Multimed Tools Appl 66, 179–200 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-011-0788-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-011-0788-z