Abstract
As one kind of technology of style transfer, painting style transfer can be used to render the sample images with a specific art style. With this technology, we can render the target images in the same style as the samples after some computation. We present a new approach of painting style transfer in which such a style transfer artwork is done by simulating the process of creation. We take the sample as a palette where users can select arbitrary contours or textures as the input brush strokes. We then analyze the style feature of the brush strokes and use this feature for synthesis and style transfer along the stroke curves learned from the specified area in target images or target 3D models to get the same painting style as the samples. Based on this approach, we also design and realize the corresponding painting system. The results show that the users can get a style-transferred personalized target image just by using the given sample images with the least interactions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ashikhmin M (2001) Synthesizing natural textures. In: Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on interactive 3D graphics, ser. I3D ’01. New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp 217–226. doi:10.1145/364338.364405
Barnes C, Shechtman E, Finkelstein A, Goldman DB (2009) Patchmatch: a randomized correspondence algorithm for structural image editing. ACM Trans. Graph. 28(3):24:1–24:11. doi:10.1145/1531326.1531330
Bellman R (1956) Dynamic programming and lagrange multipliers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 42(10):767
Boykov Y, Veksler O, Zabih R (2001) Fast approximate energy minimization via graph cuts. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(11):1222–1239. doi:10.1109/34.969114
Brito A (2008) Blender 3D: architecture, buildings, and scenery: create photorealistic 3D architectural visualizations of buildings, interiors, and environmental scenery. Packt Publishing Ltd
DiVerdi S, Krishnaswamy A, Mech R, Ito D (2013) Painting with polygons: a procedural watercolor engine. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 19(5):723–735
Gooch B, Coombe G, Shirley P (2002) Artistic vision: painterly rendering using computer vision techniques. In: Proceedings of the 2Nd international symposium on non-photorealistic animation and rendering, ser. NPAR ’02. New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp 83–ff. doi:10.1145/508530.508545
Hays J, Essa I (2004) Image and video based painterly animation. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on non-photorealistic animation and rendering, ser. NPAR ’04. New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp 113–120. doi:10.1145/987657.987676
He K, Sun J (2012) Statistics of patch offsets for image completion. In: Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part II, ser. ECCV’12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 16–29. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33709-3_2
Hertzmann A (1998) Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes. In: Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, ser. SIGGRAPH ’98. New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp 453–460. doi:10.1145/280814.280951
Hertzmann A, Jacobs CE, Oliver N, Curless B, Salesin DH Image analogies. In: Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, ser. SIGGRAPH ’01. New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp 327–340. doi:10.1145/383259.3832952001
Huang H, Zang Y, Li C-F (2010) Example-based painting guided by color features. Vis. Comput. 26(6-8):933–942. doi:10.1007/s00371-010-0498-y
Kang H, Lee S, Chui CK (2007) Coherent line drawing. In: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on non-photorealistic animation and rendering. ACM, pp 43–50
Lasram A, Lefebvre S (2012) Parallel patch-based texture synthesis. In: Proceedings of the Fourth ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics Conference on High-Performance Graphics, ser. EGGH-HPG’12, pp 115–124. Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland: Eurographics Association. doi:10.2312/EGGH/HPG12/115-124
Lee H, Seo S, Ryoo S, Yoon K (2010) Directional texture transfer. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, ser. NPAR ’10. New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp 43–48. doi:10.1145/1809939.1809945
Lefebvre S, Hoppe H (2006) Appearance-space texture synthesis. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers, ser. SIGGRAPH ’06. New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp 541–548. doi:10.1145/1179352.1141921
Lim JJ, Zitnick CL, Dollr P (2013) Sketch tokens: a learned mid-level representation for contour and object detection. In: CVPR. IEEE, pp 3158–3165. http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/cvpr/cvpr2013.html
Lu J, Barnes C, DiVerdi S, Finkelstein A (2013) Realbrush: Painting with examples of physical media. ACM Trans. Graph. 32(4):117:1–117:12. doi:10.1145/2461912.2461998
Lu J, Sander PV, Finkelstein A (2010) Interactive painterly stylization of images, videos and 3D animations. In: Proceedings of i3d 2010
Lukáč M, Fišer J, Bazin J-C, Jamriška O, Sorkine-Hornung A, Sýkora D (2013) Painting by feature: texture boundaries for example-based image creation. ACM Trans. Graph. 32(4):116:1–116:8. doi:10.1145/2461912.2461956
Miao Z, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Sun Z Image palette: brushstroke synthesis-based style transfer, pp 55–60. http://diglib.eg.org/EG/DL/PE/PG/PG2014short/055-060.pdf
Nehab D, Velho L (2002) Multiscale moment-based painterly rendering. In: Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing, ser. SIBGRAPI ’02. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, pp 244–251. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=646016.677978
NPAR ’02 (2002) Proceedings of the 2Nd international symposium on non-photorealistic animation and rendering. ACM, New York, pp 434–020
Ojala T, Pietikäinen M, Mäenpää T (2002) Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(7):971–987. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2002.1017623
Ojala T, Pietikainen M, Harwood D (1994) Performance evaluation of texture measures with classification based on kullback discrimination of distributions, pp A:582–585
Olsen SC, Maxwell BA, Gooch B (2005) Interactive vector fields for painterly rendering. In: GI ’05: Proceedings of the 2005 conference on graphics interface. School of computer science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, pp 241–247
Reinhard E, Ashikhmin M, Gooch B, Shirley P (2001) Color transfer between images. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 21(5):34–41. doi:10.1109/38.946629
Ritter L, Li W, Curless B, Agrawala M, Salesin D (2006) Painting with texture. In: Proceedings of the 17th eurographics conference on rendering techniques, ser. EGSR’06. Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland: Eurographics Association, pp 371–376. doi:10.2312/EGWR/EGSR06/371-376
Simakov D, Caspi Y, Shechtman E, Irani M (2008) Summarizing visual data using bidirectional similarity. In: CVPR. IEEE Computer Society. http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/cvpr/cvpr2008.html
Sun J, Yuan L, Jia J, Shum H-Y (2005) Image completion with structure propagation. ACM Trans. Graph. 24(3):861–868. doi:10.1145/1073204.1073274
Wang B, Wang W, Yang H, Sun J-G (2004) Efficient example-based painting and synthesis of 2d directional texture. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 10 (3):266–277. http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/tvcg/tvcg10.html
Wexler Y, Shechtman E, Irani M (2007) Space-time completion of video. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 29(3):463–476. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2007.60
Zang Y, Huang H, Li C-F (2013) Stroke style analysis for painterly rendering. J. Comput. Sci. Technol.:762–775
Zeng K, Zhao M, Xiong C, Zhu S-C (2009) From image parsing to painterly rendering. ACM Trans. Graph. 29(1):2:1–2:11. doi:10.1145/1640443.1640445
Zhang E, Hays J, Turk G (2007) Interactive tensor field design and visualization on surfaces. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 13(1):94–107
Zhao M, Zhu S-C (2011) Customizing painterly rendering styles using stroke processes. In: NPAR ’11: Proceedings Of the ACM SIGGRAPH/eurographics symposium on non-photorealistic animation and rendering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp 137–146
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank al l anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research has been supported by the National Science Foundation of China (61321491, 61100110, 61272219) and the Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu Province (BY2012190, BY2013072-04).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Miao, Z., Zhang, Y., Zheng, Z. et al. Image palette: painting style transfer via brushstroke control synthesis. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 7989–8010 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3408-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3408-0