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Microspore embryogenesis induced through in vitro anther culture of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.)

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Abstract

Anther culture is one of the most widely used methods to induce gametic embryogenesis. The aim of this investigation was to induce microspore embryogenesis in almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.), through this technique. Anthers were cultured at the vacuolated developmental stage, and seven cultivars, two culture media and two temperature treatments were assessed. Although evidence of the microspore induction was observed in all the genotypes and treatments tested (symmetrical nucleus division and multinucleated structures), calli were produced merely by anthers cultured in the medium P and the regeneration of embryos was detected only in anthers of the cultivars Filippo Ceo, Lauranne and Genco, placed on medium P and subjected to the Control treatment (direct culture at 25 ± 1 °C, without the hot thermal shock at 35 ± 1 °C for 7 days). Characterization by SSR marker analysis of the embryo genotypes revealed that the regenerants had a single allele for each locus whereas the parent cultivar was heterozygous, indicating their development from haploid microspores. This study reports the evidence of gametic embryogenesis and, particularly, of microspore embryogenesis through in vitro anther culture, in almond, and, for the first time to our knowledge, the production of homozygous embryos.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Maria Luisa Badenes and all her team of the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) for providing the scientific and technical support required for the characterization of regenerants. The authors also thank Maria Luisa Badenes for reading the manuscript and for her suggestions. The authors wish to thank Jane O’Hare for English editing of the manuscript. University of Palermo, Italy, financially supported this research by providing a fellowship to Giuseppe Cimò as part of the ‘Mediterranean Fruit Crops’ Ph.D. Program.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 11 Ed.4, 90128, Palermo, Italy

    Giuseppe Cimò, Annalisa Marchese & Maria Antonietta Germanà

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  1. Giuseppe Cimò
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Cimò, G., Marchese, A. & Germanà, M.A. Microspore embryogenesis induced through in vitro anther culture of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 128, 85–95 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-1086-2

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