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Structural and Functional Determinants of Physiological Pliability in Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. for Survival in Hyper-Saline Saltmarshes

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Abstract

The role of morpho-anatomical adaptations of six Kyllinga brevifolia populations in successfully invading hyper-saline environments was investigated. Physiological and anatomical characteristics showed a high degree of plasticity indicating its adaptability potential to a variety of environmental conditions. The population from hyper-saline saltmarsh Sahianwala was exposed to physiological drought for a long time and its survival relied on the prevention of water loss attained by decreased stomatal density and area, lignin deposition in the inner and outer cortical region, especially outside vascular tissue. Larger cells of cortical storage parenchyma aided in water storage and wide metaxylem vessels in better conduction of solutes. Higher accumulation of shoot Ca2+ in this habitat protected neutralized the impact of the enhanced shoot and root Na+ ion uptake. Organic osmoprotectants like total free amino acid, proline, soluble proteins, and sugars accumulated in a higher quantity that contributed towards an osmotic adjustment in Sahianwala population. Population from seasonal inundation (Treemu Headworks) showed larger root aerenchyma to supply sufficient oxygen for respiration, broader xylem vessels for better water and nutrient conduction, and greater density of leaf stomata for better transpiration. Maximum shoot and root length, total leaf area, and water potential were observed in the least saline Chinyot population indicating its best growth potential in a slightly saline aquatic environment. Each population showed specific physiological and anatomical modifications to colonize their respective habitats.

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The herbarium samples used for identification of plant species deposited to the Herbarium Collection of the Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad.

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Acknowledgements

This manuscript is a part of the Ph. D. research of Sahar Mumtaz submitted to the Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Sahar Mumtaz

  2. Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Mansoor Hameed, Farooq Ahmad, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad & Muhammad Ashraf

  3. Department of Botany, Government Post-Graduate College, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Iftikhar Ahmad

  4. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Muhammad Hamzah Saleem

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  1. Sahar Mumtaz
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  2. Mansoor Hameed
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  4. Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad
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  5. Iftikhar Ahmad
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  6. Muhammad Ashraf
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  7. Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
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Contributions

Sahar Mumtaz conducted the experiment. Mansoor Hameed and Farooq Ahmad supervised the research work. Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad analyzed the data statistically and performed the multivariate analysis. Iftikhar Ahmad and Muhammad Hamzah Saleem were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. Muhammad Ashraf proofread is the group leader and finally edited the scientific and English language.

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Correspondence to Mansoor Hameed.

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The manuscript was submitted solely to Water, Air and Soil Pollution and no part was published or submitted elsewhere. All ethical guidelines set by parent institution(s) were observed during sampling and analysis.

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All authors equally participated in the execution of the experiment and unanimously agreed to publish in Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

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Mumtaz, S., Hameed, M., Ahmad, F. et al. Structural and Functional Determinants of Physiological Pliability in Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. for Survival in Hyper-Saline Saltmarshes. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 424 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05391-x

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