Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Secure Multi-hop Data Transmission in Cognitive Radio Networks Under Attack in the Physical Layer

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have a shortcoming in that attackers can increase their ability to disturb secondary users (SUs). This paper focuses on jamming attacks in the physical layer, in which several attackers try to interrupt SUs by injecting the interference into their communications. Once a jammer transmits interfering signals on the channel during the defined time, all ongoing transmissions on this channel will be corrupted. It is quite difficult for SUs to protect a single-hop data transmission from jammers. So, obtaining a solution for secure multi-hop data transmission in the presence of jammers becomes a more challenging task in CRNs. This paper investigates a strategy to find the optimal route and channels for transmission between cognitive transmitters and receivers in the presence of jammers in CRNs. In this scenario, the jammers are located randomly and their jamming behavior is assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution. We provide an optimal link–channel pair allocation scheme in which the secondary transmitter (the source) selects the best relay and a suitable channel for each hop in the source-to-destination route to protect the information intended to the secondary receiver (the destination) from the jammers. Simulation results prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme in a CR network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Federal Communications Commission. (2002). FCC spectrum policy task force report, ET Docket, No. 02–135.

  2. Wyglinski, A. M., Nekovee, M., & Hou, Y. T. (2009). Cognitive radio communications and networks: principles and practice. New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wang, B., & Liu, K. J. R. (2011). Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5(1), 5–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Haykin, S. (2005). Cognitive radio: Brain-empowered wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23(2), 201–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mitola, J., & Maguire, G. (1999). Cognitive radio: Making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communications, 6(4), 13–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Shu, Z., Qian, Y., & Ci, S. (2013). On physical layer security for cognitive radio networks. IEEE Network, 27(3), 28–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sharma, R., & Rawat, D. (2014). Advances on security threats and countermeasures for cognitive radio networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 17(2), 1023–1043.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Li, H., & Han, Z. (2010). Dogfight in spectrum: Combating primary user emulation attacks in cognitive radio systems, part I: Known channel statistics. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 9(11), 3566–3577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Brown, T. & Sethi, A. (2007). Potential cognitive radio denial-of-service vulnerabilities and protection countermeasures: A multi-dimensional analysis and assessment. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Network Communications (pp. 456–464).

  10. Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Liang, Y., Xin, Y., & Cui, S. (2010). On the relationship between the multi-antenna secrecy communications and cognitive radio communications. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 58(6), 1877–1886.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Xu, W. et al. (2004). Channel surfing and spatial retreats: Defenses against wireless denial of service. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop wireless security, Philadelphia, PA (pp. 80–89).

  12. Attar, A., Tang, H., Vasilakos, A. V., Yu, F. R., & Leung, V. C. M. (2012). A survey of security challenges in cognitive radio networks: Solutions and future research directions. In Proceedings of the IEEE (pp. 3172–3186). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2012.2208211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sydir, J., & Taori, R. (2009). An evolved cellular system architecture incorporating relay stations. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47(6), 115–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ruan, L. Z., & Lau, V. K. N. (2010). Decentralized dynamic hop selection and power control in cognitive multi-hop relay systems. IEEE Transactions Wireless Communications, 9(10), 3024–3030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang, Q., Feng, Z., Yang, T., & Li, W. (2016). Optimal power allocation and relay selection in multi-hop cognitive relay networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 86(3), 1673–1692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ho-Van, K. & Sofotasios, P. C. (2013). Bit error rate of underlay multi-hop cognitive networks in the presence of multipath fading. In 2013 fifth international conference on ubiquitous and future networks (ICUFN), Da Nang (pp. 620–624). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN.2013.6614893.

  17. Wang, W., Kwasinski, A. & Han, Z. (2014). A routing game in cognitive radio networks against routing-toward-primary-user attacks. In IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (pp. 2510–2515). https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2014.6952783.

  18. Wu, Y., Wang, B., Liu, K., & Clancy, T. (2012). Anti-jamming games in multi-channel cognitive radio networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 30(1), 4–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang, Q., Ren, K., Ning, P., & Hu, S. (2016). Jamming-resistant multiradio multichannel opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(10), 8331–8344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Adem, N., Hamdaoui, B. & Yavuz, A. (2015). Pseudorandom time-hopping anti-jamming technique for mobile cognitive users. In 2015 IEEE globecom workshops, (pp. 1–16). https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOMW.2015.7414043.

  21. Arunthavanathan, S., Goratti, L., Maggi, L., De Pellegrini, F. & Kandeepan, S. (2014). On the achievable rate in a D2D cognitive secondary network under jamming attacks. In 2014 9th international conference on cognitive radio oriented wireless networks and communications, (pp. 39–44). https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2014.255665.

  22. Wang, P. & Henz, B. (2014). Throughput analysis of channel surfing in jammed single-hop wireless networks. In 2014 wireless telecommunications symposium, (pp. 1–8). https://doi.org/10.1109/WTS.2014.6834998.

  23. Zou, Y. (2017). Physical-layer security for spectrum sharing systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 16(2), 1319–1329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mokari, N., Parsaeefard, S., Saeedi, H., & Azmi, P. (2014). Cooperative secure resource allocation in cognitive radio networks with guaranteed secrecy rate for primary users. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 13(2), 1058–1073.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu, W., Sarkar, M. Z. I., Ratnarajah, T., & Du, H. (2017). Securing cognitive radio with a combined approach of beamforming and cooperative jamming. IET Communications, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2016.0114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhao, R., Yuan, Y., Fan, L., & He, Y. C. (2017). Secrecy performance analysis of cognitive decode-and-forward relay networks in nakagami- \(m\) fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 65(2), 549–563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2015R1D1A1A09057077) as well as by the MEST (2017R1D1A1B03029448).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical Electronic Engineering, University of Ulsan, Mugeo-Dong, Ulsan, Nam-Gu, 680-749, Korea

    Pham Duy Thanh, Hiep Vu-Van & Insoo Koo

Authors
  1. Pham Duy Thanh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hiep Vu-Van
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Insoo Koo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Insoo Koo.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Thanh, P.D., Vu-Van, H. & Koo, I. Secure Multi-hop Data Transmission in Cognitive Radio Networks Under Attack in the Physical Layer. Wireless Pers Commun 103, 1615–1631 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5871-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5871-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation