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Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters

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Abstract

This review describes medium and high molecular weight organic material found in wastewaters from pulp and paper industry. The aim is to review the versatile pollutants and the analysis methods for their determination. Among other pollutants, biocides, extractives, and lignin-derived compounds are major contributors to harmful effects, such as toxicity, of industrial wastewaters. Toxicity of wastewaters from pulp and paper mills is briefly evaluated including the methods for toxicity analyses. Traditionally, wastewater purification includes mechanical treatment followed by chemical and/or biological treatment processes. A variety of methods are available for the purification of industrial wastewaters, including aerobic and anaerobic processes. However, some fractions of organic material, such as lignin and its derivatives, are difficult to degrade. Therefore, novel chemical methods, including electrochemical and oxidation processes, have been developed for separate use or in combination with biological treatment processes.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland

    Petra C. Lindholm-Lehto & Juha S. Knuutinen

  2. Laboratory Centre, Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland

    Heidi S. J. Ahkola & Sirpa H. Herve

Authors
  1. Petra C. Lindholm-Lehto
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  2. Juha S. Knuutinen
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  3. Heidi S. J. Ahkola
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  4. Sirpa H. Herve
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Correspondence to Petra C. Lindholm-Lehto.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Lindholm-Lehto, P.C., Knuutinen, J.S., Ahkola, H.S.J. et al. Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 6473–6499 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4163-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4163-x

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