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Distribution and sources of oxygenated non-hydrocarbons in topsoil of Beijing, China

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Abstract

The oxygenated non-hydrocarbon compounds are widely distributed in soil. To investigate the distribution and origin of these compounds in topsoil of Beijing, their contents and compositions were measured in topsoil from 62 sites in Beijing. The research results showed that oxygenated non-hydrocarbons were composed primarily of C6∼C28 n-fatty acids, C12∼C28 n-fatty alcohols, n-fatty acid methyl esters, phthalates, sterols, and dehydroabietic acid in the topsoil of Beijing. The contents and compositions of these compounds varied with the sampling site. The concentrations of n-fatty acids and phthalate esters were the highest at all sites, followed by sterols, n-fatty acid methyl esters, fatty alcohols, and dehydroabietic acid in order. The n-fatty acids had a main peak of C16, followed by C18. An odd or even carbon number predominance was not observed in the low-molecular-weight n-fatty acids, indicating a fossil fuel or organic matter source. However, some high-molecular-weight n-fatty acids with an even carbon predominance may derive from a biomass. The n-fatty alcohols showed a main peak of C22 and were predominated by an even carbon number, suggesting plant, microbial, or other natural origins. Phthalates, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and dimethylphthalate (DMP), were detected. The content of phthalate esters was higher in the samples collected from dense human activity areas. The concentrations of DBP, DEHP, and DIBP were relatively high, indicating an anthropogenic source. The sterols (predominantly β-sitosterol) originated from biological sources, especially plants. The n-fatty acid methyl esters and dehydroabietic acid in topsoil showed apparent even carbon predominance with the former mainly derived from microorganisms or plants and the latter from cork combustion products.

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Acknowledgments

The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40973064 and 41373126). The authors would like to thank all the laboratory personnel for their assistance in sampling and analysis. We also thank Xianlei Zhu of the China University of Petroleum, Beijing Campus, for her assistance during the course of this work.

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  1. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China

    Zhihuan Zhang, Tiantian Wan, Xuyang Peng, Guangxiu He, Yu Liu & Li Zeng

  2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, 18 Fuxue Road, Beijing, 102249, China

    Zhihuan Zhang, Tiantian Wan, Guangxiu He, Yu Liu & Li Zeng

  3. Beijing Chaoyang Circular Economy Industrial Park, Beijing, 100024, China

    Xuyang Peng

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  1. Zhihuan Zhang
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Zhang, Z., Wan, T., Peng, X. et al. Distribution and sources of oxygenated non-hydrocarbons in topsoil of Beijing, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 16524–16541 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6790-2

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