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Evaluation of coarse and fine particles in diverse Indian environments

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Abstract

The estimates of airborne fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations are possible through rigorous empirical correlations based on the monitored PM10 data. However, such correlations change depending on the nature of sources in diverse ambient environments and, therefore, have to be environment specific. Studies presenting such correlations are limited but needed, especially for those areas, where PM2.5 is not routinely monitored. Moreover, there are a number of studies focusing on urban environments but very limited for coal mines and coastal areas. The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyze the concentrations of both PM10 and PM2.5 and develop empirical correlations between them. Data from 26 different sites spread over three distinct environments, which are a relatively clean coastal area, two coal mining areas, and a highly urbanized area in Delhi were used for the study. Distributions of PM in the 0.43–10-μm size range were measured using eight-stage cascade impactors. Regression analysis was used to estimate the percentage of PM2.5 in PM10 across distinct environments for source identification. Relatively low percentage of PM2.5 concentrations (21, 28, and 32%) in PM10 were found in clean coastal and two mining areas, respectively. Percentage of PM2.5 concentrations in PM10 in the highly urbanized area of Delhi was 51%, indicating a presence of a much higher percentage of fine particles due to vehicular combustion in Delhi. The findings of this work are important in estimating concentrations of much harmful fine particles from coarse particles across distinct environments. The results are also useful in source identification of particulates as differences in the percentage of PM2.5 concentrations in PM10 can be attributed to characteristics of sources in the diverse ambient environments.

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Acknowledgements

The manuscript has been given the KRC No.: CSIR-NEERI/KRC/2016/NOV/APC/1. Authors wishes to thanks Director CSIR-NEERI for permission to publish the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Air Pollution Control Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India

    K.V. George, Mulukutla N.V. Anil & Neel Kamal

  2. Environmental Manager, Aditya Birla Group, Jafarabad, Gujarat, 365540, India

    Dinakar D. Patil

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India

    Babu J. Alappat

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, U.K.

    Prashant Kumar

  5. Environmental Flow (EnFlo) Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, U.K.

    Prashant Kumar

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  1. K.V. George
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George, K., Patil, D.D., Anil, M.N. et al. Evaluation of coarse and fine particles in diverse Indian environments. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 3363–3374 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8049-3

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