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Quantification of health risks in Ecuadorian population due to dietary ingestion of arsenic in rice

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Abstract

In Ecuador alone, 500,000 people in rural areas are estimated to have been exposed to high concentrations of As from water and food, but no quantitative evaluation of health risk has yet been made. The present study quantifies exposure and health risk for the Ecuadorian population from the ingestion of arsenic in white rice. Estimated exposure is correlated with published data on tap water quality and biomarkers of exposure for the population of two towns in the metropolitan area of Quito. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of arsenic for infants living in urban areas of Ecuador is around four times that of European infants, being equal for those livings in rural areas. EDI for the population as a whole is almost twice that of Europe, but between a half and a third of that of Brazil, Bangladesh, and India. Estimated excess lifetime risk (ELTR) for adults is 3 per 10,000, while for infants varies between 10 per 10,000 in rural areas and 20 per 10,000 in urban areas. Future research on arsenic impacts on human health in Ecuador should consider in particular poor populations living in regions where environmental arsenic concentrations are highest, including cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiologic studies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dra. J. Ruales, D. Guanoluisa, W. Tierra, and M. Carrillo, for their invaluable collaboration during the fieldwork and María José Santiso, for the assistance with laboratory work. XLOP is grateful for the financial support from the Proyecto PROMETEO (SENESCYT, Ecuador).

Funding

This work is part of a research Project entitled “Bioavailability of arsenic and toxic metals in rice fields in Ecuador and their effects on human health,” funded by the Escuela Politécnica Nacional (PIJ-15-10), CRETUS strategic group (AGRUP2015/02), and Proyecto PROMETEO (SENESCYT, Ecuador).

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  1. Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal

    Luís Miguel Nunes

  2. Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal

    Luís Miguel Nunes

  3. Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Xosé Otero

  4. Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador

    Xosé Otero

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Nunes, L.M., Otero, X. Quantification of health risks in Ecuadorian population due to dietary ingestion of arsenic in rice. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 27457–27468 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0265-y

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