Abstract
The article presents first systematic report on the concentration of selected major elements [iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn)] and minor elements [zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co)] from the core sediment of Chilika Lake, India. The analyzed samples revealed higher content of Pb than the background levels in the entire study area. The extent of contamination from minor and major elements is expressed by assessing (i) the metal enrichments in the sediment through the calculations of anthropogenic factor (AF), pollution load index (PLI), Enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and (ii) potential biological risks by the use of sediment quality guidelines like effect range median (ERM) and effect range low (ERL) benchmarks. The estimated indices indicated that sediment is enriched with Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu and Co. The enrichment of these elements seems to be due to the fine granulometric characteristics of the sediment with Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides being the main metal carriers and fishing boats using low grade paints, fuel, and fishing technology using lead beads fixed to fishing nets. Trace element input to the Chilika lake needs to be monitored with due emphasis on Cr and Pb contaminations since the ERM and ERL benchmarks indicated potential biological risk with these metals.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the World Bank for the financial support to SPMU (State Project Management Unit) of ICZMP (Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project) component, Odisha, India and Ex-Chief executive Dr. A.K Pattanaik, Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar. We also wish to thank Mr. Bibhuti Bhusan Dora for preparing location map using GIS. We are thankful to Dr. Philippe Garrigues, Chief Editor and reviewers for their productive comments on the previous form of this manuscript. The authors are also thankful to Mr. Gregory Cooper, University of Southampton, United Kingdom, for the correction of English language during drafting of the manuscript.
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Barik, S.K., Muduli, P.R., Mohanty, B. et al. Spatial distribution and potential biological risk of some metals in relation to granulometric content in core sediments from Chilika Lake, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 572–587 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0421-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0421-4