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Evaluation of transfer of lead in soil plant animal system: assessment of consequences of its toxicity

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Abstract

The instant endeavor was undertaken for determination of lead (Pb) in water, soil, forage, and cow’s blood domesticated in contaminated area of heavy automobiles’ exhaust in Sahiwal town of District Sargodha, Pakistan. Water samples showed that the concentration of Pb ranged from 1.14 to 0.44 mg kg−1 at all sites. It was maximum at site 5 and minimum at site 2. Soil samples showed the concentration of Pb at all sites ranged from 1.58 to 0.279 mg kg−1. It was maximum in soil where Avena sativa was grown at site 5 and was found minimum in soil where Zea mays was grown at site 2. While among samples of forage, the concentration of Pb ranges from 0.048 to 2.002 mg kg−1. The highest Pb amount was found in Brassica campestris at site 1 and the minimum was recorded in Trifolium alexandrinum at site 2. Finally, the blood samples of cow depicted that concentration of Pb ranged from 4.468 to 0.217 mg kg−1. It was the maximum at site 1 and the minimum at site 3. It is recommended that such study should be conducted in other districts for public awareness.

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Acknowledgements

1. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51974313 and 41907405) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20180641).

2. All authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University Saudi Arabia for financial support through project No. RG-1441-484.

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Data and material are available for research purpose and for reference.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China

    Fu Chen & Jing Ma

  2. Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Zafar Iqbal Khan, Kafeel Ahmad, Ifra Saleem Malik, Asma Ashfaq, Mudasra Munir, Sonaina Nazar, Zunaira Munir & Abid Ejaz

  3. Pakki Thatti Research and Development Farm, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan

    Tasneem Ahmad

  4. Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Muhammad Nadeem

  5. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia

    Abd El Zehar M. A. Mustafa, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Fatin K. I. Alshamasi & Mohmed Soliman Elshikh

Authors
  1. Fu Chen
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  2. Jing Ma
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  3. Zafar Iqbal Khan
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  5. Tasneem Ahmad
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  13. Abd El Zehar M. A. Mustafa
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Contributions

Tasneem Ahmad, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Jing Ma, Fu Chen and Kafeel Ahmad conceived and designed the study and critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version. Zunaira Munir executed the experiment and compiled data. Muhammad Nadeem statistically analyzed the data and help in chemical analysis. Abid Ijaz Abd El Zehar M.A. Mustafa, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Fatin K. I. Alshamasi, Mohmed Soliman Elshikh interpreted the results and wrote manuscript. Sonaina Nazar critically edited and revised the manuscript. Ifra Saleem Malik, Mudasra Munir, and Asma Ashfaq helped in sample collection and chemical analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zafar Iqbal Khan.

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Ethical approval was taken from Department Ethical Review Committee to conduct study as animals were involved in this study so ethical approval was very essential.

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Informed consent was taken from formers to conduct the study and to collect the samples. They were briefed about the research plan in details.

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Written consent was sought from each author to publish the manuscript.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Chen, F., Ma, J., Khan, Z.I. et al. Evaluation of transfer of lead in soil plant animal system: assessment of consequences of its toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 38698–38705 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13314-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13314-w

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