Abstract
The present study aims to extract a natural reddish brown colorant from Peepal (Ficus religiosa) for silk dyeing using the microwave radiation process (MW). The colorant was isolated in aqueous and acidic media, and MW treatment for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min has been given to both fabric and extract to observe changes in color intensity. The dye variables have been optimized, and for sustainable shade making process with good fastness, 1.0–5.0 g/100 mL of sustainable chemical and bio-mordants has been employed. It has been found that after microwave treatment for 3 min, under selected conditions, the irradiated aqueous extract has given high color intensity onto silk fabric. The utilization of 3% of Al, 4% of Fe, and 2% of tannic acid (T.A.) as pre chemical mordant whereas 4% of Al, 4% of Fe, and 3% of tannic acid as post chemical mordant have given good color characteristics. In comparison, 4% of acacia and 3% of turmeric and pomegranate while 3% of acacia and turmeric and 4% of pomegranate extracts as post-bio-mordant have given excellent color characteristics. It is concluded that MW treatment has an excellent sustainable efficacy to isolate colorant from Peepal bark for silk dyeing, whereas the inclusion of bio-mordants has not only made the process more sustainable and environmental friendly but also best K/S, and L*a*b* values have been acquired.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable.
References
Abdelileh M, Ticha MB, Meksi N (2021) Reviving of cotton dyeing by saxon blue: application of microwave irradiation to enhance dyeing performances. Fibers Polym 22(7):1863–1873
Adeel S, Rehman FU, Zuber M, Batool F, Habib N, Hussaan M, Amin N (2021a) Environmental friendly application of ultrasonic rays for extraction of natural colorant from Harmal (P. harmala) for dyeing of bio-mordanted silk. J Eng Fiber Fabr 16:1–8
Adeel S, Habib N, Batool F, Rahman A, Ahmad T, Amin N (2021b) Eco-friendly approach towards isolation of colorant from Esfand for bio-mordanted silk dyeing. Environ Sci Pollut Res 1–11
Adeel S, Rehamn FU, Hussaan M, Amin N, Majeed A, Pervaiz M, Rehman HU (2021c) Microwave assisted green isolation of laccaic acid from lac insect (Kerria laca) for wool dyeing. Prog Color Color Coat 14(4):293–299
Arain RA, Ahmad F, Khatri Z, Peerzada MH (2021) Microwave assisted henna organic dyeing of polyester fabric: a green, economical and energy proficient substitute. Nat Prod Res 35(2):327–330
Borrás-Enríquez AJ, Reyes-Ventura E, Villanueva-Rodríguez SJ, Moreno-Vilet L (2021) Effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters on total polyphenols and its antioxidant activity from mango residues (Mangifera indica L. var. Manililla). Separations 8(7):94
Boruah G, Phukan AR, Kalita BB, Pandit P, Jose S (2021) Dyeing of mulberry silk using binary combination of henna leaves and monkey jack bark. J Nat Fibers 18(2):229–237
Buyukakinci YB, Guzel ET, Karadag R (2021) Organic cotton fabric dyed with dyer’s oak and barberry dye by microwave irradiation and conventional methods. Indust Text 72(1):30–38
Chai YH, Yusup S, Kadir WNA, Wong CY, Rosli SS, Ruslan MSH, Yiin CL (2021) Valorization of tropical biomass waste by supercritical fluid extraction technology. Sustain 13(1):233
Chen J, Liao C, Ouyang X, Kahramanoğlu I, Gan Y, Li M (2020) Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel and its applications on food preservation. J Food Quality 2020:1–8
del Pilar Sánchez-Camargo A, Ballesteros-Vivas D, Buelvas-Puello LM, Martinez-Correa HA, Parada-Alfonso F, Cifuentes A, Ferreira Sandra RS, Gutiérrez LF (2021) Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities from supercritical CO2 pre-extracted mango peel as valorization strategy. LWT 137:110414
dos Santos Silva PM, Fiaschitello TR, de Queiroz RS, Freeman HS, da Costa SA, Leo P, da Costa SM (2020a) Natural dye from Croton urucurana Baill. bark: extraction, physicochemical characterization, textile dyeing and color fastness properties. Dyes Pigm 173:107953
dos Santos Silva PM, Fiaschitello TR, Queiroz RS, Freeman HS, Costa SA, Leo P, Montemor AF, Costa SM (2020b) Natural dye from Croton urucurana Baill. bark: extraction, physicochemical characterization, textile dyeing and color fastness properties. Dyes Pigm 173:1–14
Fadil M, Bousta D, El OualiLalami A, Lachkar M, Farah A (2021) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Moroccan Lavandula stoechas L.: optimization using response surface methodology. J Chem 2021:1–11
Habib N, Adeel S, Ali F, Amin N, Khan SR (2021) Environmentally friendly sustainable application of plant-based mordants for cotton dyeing using Arjun bark-based natural colorant. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28(38):54041–54047
Haji A, Naebe M (2020) Cleaner dyeing of textiles using plasma treatment and natural dyes: a review. J Cleaner Prod 265:121866
Haji A, Vadood M (2021) Environmentally benign dyeing of polyester fabric with madder: modelling by artificial neural network and fuzzy logic optimized by genetic algorithm. Fibers Polym 22(12):3351–3357
Handayani PA, Chafidz A, Ramadani NS, Kartika D (2019) Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) process of tannin from mangrove propagules waste as natural dye for coloring Batik tulis. Key Eng Mater 805:128–133
Hasan MU, Adeel S, Batool F, Ahmad T, Tang RC, Amin N, Khan SR (2021) Sustainable application of Cassia obovata–based chrysophanic acid as a potential source of yellow natural colorant for textile dyeing. Environ Sci Pollut Res 1-14 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16447-0
Hosen MD, Rabbi MF, Raihan MA, Al Mamun MA (2021) Effect of turmeric dye and biomordants on knitted cotton fabric coloration: a promising alternative to metallic mordanting. Clean Eng Technol 3:100124
Hosseinnezhad M, Gharanjig K, Belbasi S, Saadati SHS, Saeb MR (2018) The use of sumac as a natural mordant in green production of Iranian carpet. Fibers Polym 19(9):1908–1912
Hosseinnezhad M, Gharanjig K, Razani N, Imani H (2020) Green dyeing of wool fibers with madder: study of combination of two biomordant on K/S and fastness. Fibers Polym 21(9):2036–2041
Hosseinnezhad M, Gharanjig K, Jafari R, Imani H (2021a) Green dyeing of woolen yarns with weld and madder natural dyes in the presences of biomordant. Prog Color Color Coat 14(1):35–45
Hosseinnezhad M, Gharanjig K, Jafari R, Imani H, Razani N (2021b) Cleaner colorant extraction and environmentally wool dyeing using oak as eco-friendly mordant. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28(6):7249–7260
Islam SU, Rather LJ, Shabbir M, Sheikh J, Bukhari MN, Khan MA, Mohammad F (2019) Exploiting the potential of polyphenolic biomordants in environmentally friendly coloration of wool with natural dye from Butea monosperma flower extract. J Nat Fibers 16(4):512–523
Islam M, Molla M, Hossain T, Bashar M, Chandra D, Ahsan M (2021) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural dye from Swietenia mahagoni and its application on silk fabric. Indian J Fibre Text Res 46:69–77
İşmal ÖE, Yıldırım L (2019) Metal mordants and biomordants. In The impact and prospects of green chemistry for textile technology. Woodhead Publishing 57–82
Jafari SM, Mahdavee Khazaei K, Assadpour E (2019) Production of a natural color through microwave-assisted extraction of saffron tepal’s anthocyanins. Food Sci Nutri 7(4):1438–1445
Khan AA, Adeel S, Azeem M, Iqbal N (2021) Exploring natural colorant behavior of husk of durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat species for sustainable cotton fabric dyeing. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:51632–51641
Kovačević Z, Sutlović A, Matin A, Bischof S (2021) Natural dyeing of cellulose and protein fibers with the flower extract of Spartium junceum l. plant. Materials 14(15):4091
Kumar A, Sandeep D, Tomer V, Gat Y, Kumar V (2018) Ficus religiosa: a wholesome medicinal tree. J Pharmacog Phytochem 7(4):32–37
Kumar K, Srivastav S, Sharanagat VS (2020) Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable processing by-products: A review. Ultras Sonochem 70:105325
Li Y, Li S, Lin SJ, Zhang JJ, Zhao CN, Li HB (2017) Microwave-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from the exotic Gordonia axillaris fruit: optimization and identification of phenolic compounds. Molecules 22(9):1481
Mia R, Sk MS, Oli ZBS, Ahmed T, Kabir S, Waqar MA (2021) Functionalizing cotton fabrics through herbally synthesized nanosilver. Clean Eng Technol 4:100227
Naebe M, Haque ANMA, Haji A (2021) The effect of plasma treatment on dyeing of natural fibers. Innova Emerg Technol Text Dye Finish 191–212
Pal CBT, Jadeja GC (2020) Microwave-assisted extraction for recovery of polyphenolic antioxidants from ripe mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel using lactic acid/sodium acetate deep eutectic mixtures. Food Sci Technol Inter 26(1):78–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013219870010
Priya DS, Singh DRA (2017) Pharmaco therapeutic study of Ficus religosa (peepal) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Dalchini) w.s.r to uti caused by e coli. World J Pharma Medical Res 3(9):329–330
Rather LJ, Khan MA, Mohammad F (2019) Biomordanting potential of acacia nilotica (Babul) in conjunction with Kerria lacca and Rheum emodi natural dyes. J Nat Fibers 16(2):275–286
Sadeghi-Kiakhani M, Tehrani-Bagha AR, Safapour S, Eshaghloo-Galugahi S, Etezad SM (2020) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural dyes from Hawthorn fruits for dyeing polyamide fabric and study its fastness, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Environ Develop Sustain 114:1–18
Salauddin Sk M, Mia R, Haque MA, Shamim AM (2021) Review on extraction and application of natural dyes. Text Leather Rev 4(4):218–233
Sharma D, Dangi CBS, Kaur MA (2016) Review on pharmacological activities and therapeutic potentials of Ficus religiosa (Pipal). Ind J App Res 6(1):623–626
Sharma V, Mishra S, Yesudas R, Rajput RS (2019) A review on Ficus religiosa (Sacred Fig) 6(2)
Singh S, Jaiswal S (2014) Therapeutic properties of Ficus religiosa. Int J Eng Res Gen Sci 2(5):149–158
Sk MS, Mia R, Ahmed B, Rahman A, Palash MMR (2021) Effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric. Heliyon 7(11):E08320
Suktham K, Daisuk P, Shotipruk A (2021) Microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidative anthraquinones from roots of Morinda citrifolia L (Rubiaceae): errata and review of technological development and prospects. Separ Purif Technol 256:117844
Thakker AM (2020) Sustainable processing of cotton fabrics with plant-based biomaterials Sapindus mukorossi and Acacia concinna for health-care applications. J Text Inst 19 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00405000.2020.1776537.
Tiwari AK, Chaudhary IJ, Pandey AK (2019) Indian traditional trees and their scientific relevance. J Med Plants 7(3):29–32
Viera I, Pérez-Gálvez A, Roca M (2019) Green natural colorants. Molecules 24(1):154
Wang X, Yi F, Zhang W, Guo X (2021) Optimization of the application of walnut green peel pigment in wool fiber dying and fixing process under microwave-assisted condition. J Nat Fibers 1–14 https://wwwtandfonlinecom/doi/abs/10.1080/15440478.2020.1870632
Xu K, Gao X, Chi M, Chen K, Zhang Y, Kong W, Qin K (2021) Microwave-assisted extraction coupled with mass spectrometry for determining five volatile compounds from soy sauces. J Analy Methods Chem 2021:1–8
Yaqub A, Iqbal Z, Toyota T, Chaudhary N, Altaf A, Ahmad SR (2020) Ultrasonic extraction of onion (Allium cepa) peel dye, its applications on silk fabric with bio-mordants and its antibacterial activity. Clinical Med Biochem 8:1–9
Yeong YL, Pang SF, Putranto A, Gimbun J (2021) Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of anthraquinone and flavonoids from Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Nat Prod Res 1–5
Yılmaz F, Bahtiyari Mİ (2020) Antibacterial finishing of cotton fabrics by dyeing with olive tree leaves fallen during olive harvesting. J Cleaner Prod 270:122068
Yusuf M, Mohammad F, Shabbir M, Khan MA (2017) Eco-dyeing of wool with Rubia cordifolia root extract: assessment of the effect of acacia catechu as bio-mordant on color and fastness properties. Text Cloth Sustain 2(1):1–9
Zghaibi N, Omar R, Mustapa Kamal SM, Awang Biak DR, Harun R (2019) Microwave-assisted brine extraction for enhancement of the quantity and quality of lipid production from microalgae nannochloropsis sp. Molecules 24(19):3581
Zhao Z, Zhang M, Hurren C, Zhou L, Wu J, Sun L (2020) Effects of UV absorbers and reducing agents on light fastness of cotton fabrics pre-dyed with sodium copper chlorophyllin and gardenia yellow. Text Res J 90(19–20):2245–2257
Zheng J, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Wang D, Wang S, Jiao M (2021) Study on structure and properties of natural indigo spun-dyed viscose. Fiber Polym 1(1):327–335
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Dr Shahid Adeel is supervisor of the work in whose lab practical work has been done, whereas Mr. Waseem Akram and Ms. Nimra Amin jointly conducted experiments. Dr Noman Habib and Dr Mozhgan have guided the group technically and scientifically, whereas Mr. Ehsan ul Haq has helped in physiochemical analysis of fabrics.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate and publish
We give consent to publish the work of M.Phil studies and is jointly contributed by all authors.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Habib, N., Akram, W., Adeel, S. et al. Environmental-friendly extraction of Peepal (Ficus Religiosa) bark-based reddish brown tannin natural dye for silk coloration. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 35048–35060 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18507-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18507-5