Abstract
A novel Pt nanoflowers/polyaniline/nitrogen-doped graphene (PtNFs/PANI/NG) electrocatalyst was prepared by dispersing Pt nanoflowers (PtNFs) onto a polyaniline (PANI) grafted N-doped graphene (NG) matrix through a two-step electrochemical process. Firstly, NG was prepared by a hydrothermal reaction of graphene oxide (GO) with urea, and then electrochemical polymerization of aniline at NG was carried out. Secondly, PtNFs was dispersed onto the film of PANI/NG by electrochemical reduction of H2PtCl6. The as-prepared composites were characterized by SEM, XRD, and Raman spectra. Compared with PtNFs/PANI/G, PtNFs/PANI, and PtNFs/NG catalysts, the novel PtNFs/PANI/NG catalyst exhibits more advantages such as high catalytic activity, excellent poisoning tolerance, and stability characteristic towards methanol electro-oxidation, which is attributed to not only the good dispersion of PtNFs on PANI/NG but also the strong interactions between metal particles and conducting polymer matrixes. The results suggest that the PtNFs/PANI/NG catalyst can be a promising alternative for catalyst in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhao X, Yin M, Ma L, Liang L, Liu CP, Liao JH, Lu TH, Xing W (2011) Energy Environ Sci 4:2736–2753
Sundarrajan S, Allakhverdiev SI, Ramakrishna S (2012) Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:8765–8786
Wang YS, Yang SY, Li SM, Tien HW, Hsiao ST, Liao WH, Liu CH, Chang KH, Ma CCM, Hu CC (2013) Electrochim Acta 87:261–269
Zhong CJ, Luo J, Fang B, Wanjala BN, Njoki PN, Loukrakpam R, Yin J (2010) Nanotechnology 21:062001
Zhou Y, Neyerlin K, Olson TS, Pylypenko S, Bult J, Dinh HN, Gennett T, Shao ZP, O'Hayre R (2010) Energy Environ Sci 3:1437–1446
Du S (2010) J Power Sources 195:289–292
Koenigsmann C, Wong SS (2011) Energy Environ Sci 4:1161–1176
Lv R, Cui T, Jun MS, Zhang Q, Cao AY, Su DS, Zhang ZJ, Yoon SH, Miyawaki J, Mochida I, Kang FY (2011) Adv Funct Mater 21:999–1006
Xiong B, Zhou Y, O’Hayre R, Shao Z (2013) Appl Surf Sci 266:433–439
Sharma S, Pollet BG (2012) J Power Sources 208:96–119
Hu Y, Wu P, Yin Y, Zhang H, Cai CX (2012) Appl Catal B Environ 111:208–217
Naidoo QL, Naidoo S, Petrik L, Nechaev A, Ndungu P (2012) Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:9459–9469
Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Xiong B, Wang J, Chen X, O’Hayre R, Shao Z (2013) J Solid State 17:1089–1098
Zhao J, Zhang L, Xue H, Wang ZB, Hu HQ (2012) RSC Adv 2:9651–9659
Xin Y, Liu J, Jie X, Wang Z, Hu H (2012) Electrochim Acta 60:354–358
Chu SW, Baek SJ, Kim DC, Seo S, Kim JS, Park YW (2012) Synth Met 162:1689–1693
Yao Z, Nie H, Yang Z, Zhou XM, Liu Z, Huang SM (2012) Chem Commun 48:1027–1029
Zhang LS, Liang XQ, Song WG, Wu ZY (2010) PCCP 12:12055–12059
Zhao M, Wu X, Cai C (2009) J Phys Chem C 113:4987–4996
Qian K, Liu HL, Yang LB, Liu JH (2012) J Nanoscale 4:6449–6454
Wu G, Chen YS, Xu BQ (2005) Electrochem Commun 7:1237–1243
William S, Hummers JR, Offeman RE (1958) J Am Chem Soc 80:1339
Kovtyukhova NI, Ollivier PJ, Martin BR, Mallouk TE, Chizhik SA, Buzaneva EV, Gorchinskiy AD (1999) Chem Mater 11:771–778
Sun L, Wang L, Tian CG, Tan TX, Xie Y, Shi KY, Li MT, Fu HG (2012) RSC Adv 2:4498–4506
Atta NF, Galal A, Khalifa F (2007) Appl Surf Sci 253:4273–4282
Jeong HK, Lee P, Lahaye RJWE, Park MH, An KH, Kim IJ, Yang CW, Park CY, Ruoff RS, Lee YH (2008) J Am Chem Soc 130:1362–1366
Mo Z, Zheng R, Peng H, Liang HG, Liao SJ (2014) J Power Sources 245:801–807
Gong KP, Du F, Xia ZH, Durstock M, Dai LM (2009) Science 323:760–764
Li W, Wu HW, Chen JM, Xue HG, Kong Y (2013) Synth Met 185–186:56–60
Hyeon T, Han S, Sung YE, Park KW, Kim YW (2003) Angew Chem 115:4488–4492
Guo S, Dong S, Wang E, Wang E (2009) ACS Nano 4:547–555
Guo S, Dong S, Wang E, Wang E (2009) Small 5:1869–1876
Hsin YL, Hwang KC, Yeh CT (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129:9999–10010
Xu X, Zhou Y, Yuan T, Li Y (2013) Electrochim Acta 112:587–595
Wu B, Hu D, Kuang Y, Kuang Y, Yu Y, Zhang X, Chen J (2011) Chem Commun 47:5253–5255
Kashyout AB, Nassr A, Giorgi L, Maiyalagan T, Youssef B (2011) Int J Electrochem Sci 6:379–393
Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (1980) Electrochemical methods—fundamentals and applications. New York
Kabbabi A, Faure R, Durand R, Beden B, Hahn F, Leger JM, Lamy C (1998) J Electroanal Chem 444:41–53
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (21275023) and Technology Support Plan of Jiangsu Province (BE 2012050). The authors thank for Dr. Yuanwen Jiang from the University of Chicago to polish the language.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luo, S., Chen, Y., Xie, A. et al. Synthesis of PtNFs/PANI/NG with enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation. Ionics 21, 1277–1286 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1298-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1298-6