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Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds in blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.): characterization, antioxidant activity and optimization by response surface methodology

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Abstract

In this study, the main chemical composition, the total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), the total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (TAA) of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) fruit growing wild in Edirne province were determined. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds composition was investigated by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and the mineral composition was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of temperature (20–40 °C), time (2–6 min) and amplitude (20–60%) on TPC, TFC, TAC, and TAA of blackthorn during ultrasound-assisted extraction. Response surface methodology using central composite design was used to determine the optimum conditions in ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds in blackthorn. The optimum extraction conditions were obtained with temperature 40 °C, time 3.592 min, and amplitude of 33.189%. TPC, TFC, TAC, and TAA of blackthorn were found as 3203.31 ± 4.63 mg GAE kg−1 FW, 727.41 ± 4.63 CE kg−1 FW, 135.09 ± 0.33 mg cy-3-glu kg−1 FW, and 19.65 ± 0.06 mmol TE kg−1 FW, respectively, which were consistent with predicted values. The ultrasound-assisted extraction can be considered as an efficient green and practical technique for the recovery of bioactive compounds in blackthorn.

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Data availability

The data was obtained during Research Projects supported by Trakya University (TUBAP, Grant No.: 2020/144). The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article files and if necessary, the data files can be presented by the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Trakya University Office of Scientific Research Projects Coordinations (TUBAP, Grant No.: 2020/144).

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  1. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Trakya University, 22180, Edirne, Turkey

    Irem Damar & Emel Yilmaz

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  1. Irem Damar
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Damar, I., Yilmaz, E. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds in blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.): characterization, antioxidant activity and optimization by response surface methodology. Food Measure 17, 1467–1479 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-022-01723-5

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