Abstract
Effects of soil drought on growth and productivity of 16 single cross maize hybrids were investigated under field and greenhouse experiments. The Drought Susceptibility Index (DSI) was evaluated in a three year field experiment by the determination of grain loss in conditions of two soil moisture levels (drought and irrigated) and in a pot experiment by the effects of periodical soil drought on seedling dry matter. In the greenhouse experiment response to drought in maize genotypes was also evaluated by root to shoot dry mater ratio, transpiration productivity index, indexes of kernel germination and index of leaf injury by drought and heat temperature. The obtained values of DSI enabled the ranking of the tested genotypes with respect to their drought tolerance. The values of DSI obtained in the field experiment allow to divide the examined genotypes into three, and in the greenhouse experiment into two groups of drought susceptibility. The correlation coefficients between the DSI of maize hybrids in the field and the greenhouse experiments was high and statistically significant, being equal to 0.876. The ranking of hybrids drought tolerance, identified on the basis of field experiments was generally in agreement with the ranking established on the basis of the greenhouse experiment. In the greenhouse experiment statistically significant coefficients of correlation with DSI values in hybrids were obtained for the ratio of dry matter of overground parts to dry matter of roots, both for control and drought treatments, whereas in the estimation of the transpiration productivity coefficient and total dry matter the correlation coefficients were not statistically significant. In this study several laboratory tests were carried out for the drought tolerance of plants (kernel germination, leaf injury) on 4 drought resistant and 4 drought sensitive maize hybrids. Statistically significant correlation coefficients between DSI and the examined parameter of grain germination and leaf injury were obtained for the determination of promptness index (PI), seedling survival index (SS) and leaf injuries indexes (IDS, ITS) as a result of exposure to 14 days of soil drought, osmotic drought −0.9 MPa and exposure to high temperature 45 ° or 50 °C. The results of laboratory tests show that in maize the genetic variation in the degree of drought tolerance is better manifested under severe conditions of water deficit in the soil.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- GDD:
-
growth degree days
- K:
-
hydrothermic index
- DSI:
-
drought susceptibility index
- D:
-
drought plot
- IR:
-
irrigated plot
- FWC:
-
field water capacity
- FG:
-
final grain germination
- PI:
-
promptness index
- SS:
-
seedling survival index
- IDS:
-
conductivity measurements in seedling leaves exposed to drought
- ITS:
-
conductivity measurements in seedling leaves exposed to high temperature
- DM:
-
dry matter
- TP:
-
transpiration coefficient
- GY:
-
grain yield
References
Acevedo E., P.Q. Craufurd, R.B. Austin, P. Perez-Marco 1991. Traits associated with high yield in barley in low-rainfall environments. J. of Agr. Sci., 116, 23–36.
Ackerson R.C. 1983. Comparative physiology and water relations of two corn hybrids during water stress. Crop Sci. 23: 278–283.
Bennett J.M. 1990. Problems associated with the measuring plant water status. HortScience, 25, 1551–1554.
Blum A., B. Sinmena, O. Ziv 1980. An evaluation of seed and seedling drought tolerance screening tests in wheat. Eurphytica 29, 727–736.
Blum A. 1988. Plant breeding for stress environments. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Bouslama M., W.T. Schapauch 1984. Stress tolerance in soybean. I. Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance. Crop Sci., 24, 933–937.
Clark G.A. 1990. Measurement of soil water potential. HortScience, 25, 1548–1551.
Clarke J.M., T.N. Mc Caig 1982. Evaluation of techniques for screening for drought resistance in wheat. Crop Sci., 22, 503–506.
Doorenbos J., W.O. Pruit 1977. Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome.
Doorenbos J., A.H. Kassam 1986. Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome.
Dubey R.S. 1997. Photosynthesis in plant under stressful conditions. pp. 859–875. In: Pessarakli M. (ed) Handbook of Photosynthesis. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, Basel, Hong Kong.
Edey S.N. 1977. Growing degree-days and crop production in Canada. Agriculture Canada, Minister of supply and services Canada, Publication no. 163, 5.
Evans R.O., R.W. Skagss, R.E. Sneed 1990. Normalized crop susceptibility factors for corn and soybean to excess water stress. Transactions of the Am. Soc. of Agric. Eng. 33, 1153–1161.
Evans R.O., R.W. Skagss, R.E. Sneed 1991. Stress day index models to predict corn and soybean relative yield under high water table conditions. Transactions of the Am. Soc. of Agric. Eng. 34, 5, 1997–2005.
Faraquhar G.D., S.C. Wong, J.R. Evans, K.T. Hubick 1993. Photosynthesis and gas exchange pp. 47–70. In: Jones H.G., Flowers T.J., Jones M.B. (eds). Plants under Stress. Cambridge University Press, New York, Melbourne.
Fischer R.A., R. Maurer 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 29, 897–912.
Grzesiak S. 1990. Reaction to drought of inbreds and hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) as evaluated in field and greenhouse experiments. Maydica, 35, 303–311.
Grzesiak S. 1991. Ekofizjologiczne czynniki odporności na suszę różnych genotypów kukurydzy (Zea mays L.). Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie Rozprawy habilitacyjne nr 158, 1–119.
Grzesiak S., A. de Barbaro, W. Filek 1992. Assimilation, translocation and accumulation of 14C in two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids of different drought tolerance. Photosynthetica, 27, 4, 585–593.
Grzesiak S., W. Filek, S. Pienkowski, B. Nizioł 1996a. Screening for drought resistance: Evaluation of drought susceptibility index of legume plants in natural growth conditions. J. Agr. and Crop Sci., 177, 237–252.
Grzesiak S., W. Filek, G. Skrudlik, B. Nizioł 1996b. Screening for drought resistance: Evaluation of seed germination and seedling growth for drought resistance in legume plants. J. Agr. and Crop Sci., 177, 245–252.
Grzesiak S., M. Iijima, Y. Kono, A. Yamauchi. 1997a. Differences in drought tolerance between cultivars of field bean and field pea. Morphological characteristic, germination and seedlings growth. Acta Physiol. Plantarum., 19 (3), 339–348.
Grzesiak S., M. Iijima, Y. Kono, A. Yamauchi. 1997b. Differences in drought tolerance between cultivars of field bean and field pea. A comparison of drought-resistance and drought-sensitive cultivars. Acta Physiol. Plantarum., 19 (3), 349–357.
Hall A.E. 1981. Adaptation of annual plants to drought in relation to improvements in cultivars. HortScience, 16, 37–38.
Hanson A.D., Ch.E. Nelson 1985. Water adaptation of crop to drought. In: Carlson P.S. (ed), The biology of crop productivity, Academic Press, New York, 79–149.
Hurd E.A. 1976. Plant breeding for drought resistance. In: Kozlowski T.T. (ed) Water deficit and plant growth. vol. 4. Academic Press, New York, 317–353.
Jones, H.G. 1993. Drought tolerance and water-use efficiency. In: (eds) Smith J.A.C., Griffiths H. Water deficits plant responses from cell to community. Bios Scientific Publishers Limited, Oxford, 193–204.
Jurgens S.K., R.R. Johnson, J.S. Boyer 1978. Dry matter production and translocation in maize subjected to drought during grain fill. Agron. J. 70: 678–682.
Kono Y., A. Yamauchi., N. Kawamur, J. Tatsumi 1987. Interspecific differences of the capacities of waterlogging and drought tolerances among summer cereals. Jpn. J. Crop Sci., 56(1), 115–129.
Kowalik P. 1989. Relacja pomiędzy zaopatrzeniem w wodę a plonem roślin. In: Dzieżyc J. (ed) Potrzeby wodne roślin uprawnych., PWN, Warszawa, 36–49.
Kpoghomou, B.K., V.T. Sapra, C.A. Beyl 1990. Screening for drought tolerance: Soybean germination and its relationship to seedling response. J. Agron. and Crop Sci., 164, 153–159.
Larsson S., A.G. Górny 1988. Grain yield and drought resistance indices of oat cultivars in field rain shelter and laboratory experiments. J. Agron. and Crop Sci., 161, 277–286.
Levitt J. 1980. Responses of plants to environmental stresses. Academic Press, New York.
Listowski A. 1979. Agrofizjologiczne podstawy produktywności roślin. Woda i składniki mineralne. PWN, Warszawa, pp 95–135.
Lorens, G.F., J.M. Bennett, L.B. Loggale 1987a. Differences in drought resistance between two corn hybrids. I. Water relations and root length density. Agron. J. 79(5) 802–807.
Lorens, G.F., J.M. Bennett, L.B. Loggale 1987b. Differences in drought resistance between two corn hybrids. II. Component analysis and growth rate. Agron. J. 79(5) 808–813.
Markowski A., S. Grzesiak 1984. Fizjologiczne wskaźniki produktywności kukurydzy. Cześć I. Heterozja fotosyntetyczna. Acta Agraria et Silvestria, Ser. Agr., Vol. XXIII, 33–44.
Markowski A., S. Grzesiak 1984. Fizjologiczne wskaźniki produktywności kukurydzy. Cześć II. Analiza wzrostu w polowych warunkach wegetacji. Acta Agraria et Silvestria, Ser. Agr., Vol. XXIII, 45–57.
Martiniello P., C. Lorenzoni C. 1985. Response of maize genotypes to drought tolerance tests. Maydica, 30, 361–370.
Michel B.E., K.O. Wiggins, W.H.J. Outlow 1983. A quide to establishing water potential for aqueous two phase solutions (Polyethylene glycol plus dextran) by amendment with mannitol. Plant Physiol., 72, 60–65.
Passioura J.B., A.G. Condon, R.A. Richards 1993. Water deficits, the development of leaf area and crop productivity. In: Smith J.A.C., Griffiths H. (eds). Water deficits plant responses from cell to community. BIOS Scientific Publishers Limited, Oxford, 253–264.
Radomski C. 1987. Agrometorologia. PWN, Warszawa.
Richards R.A. 1978. Variation between and within species of rapeseed (Brassica campestris and B. napus) in response to drought stress. III. Physiological and biochemistry characters. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 29, 495–501.
Richards R.A., N. Thurling 1978. Variation between and within species of rapeseed (Brasica campestris and B. napus) in response to drought stress. I. Sensitivity at different stages of development. Aust. J. of Agric. Res., 29, 469–477.
Richards R.A. 1991. Crop improvement for temperate Australia: Future opportunities. Field Crop Res. 39, 141–169.
Ristic Z., D.D. Cass 1991. Leaf anatomy of Zea mays L. in response to water shortage and high temperature: a comparison of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive lines. Bot. Gaz. 152(2) 171–185.
Siddique K. H.M., R.K. Belford, D. Tennant 1990. Root:shoot ratios of old and modern tall and semi-dwarf wheats in mediterranean environment. Plant Soil 121, 89–98.
Stanley C.D. 1990. Proper use and data interpretation for plant- and soil water status measuring instrumentation: introductory remarks. HortScience, 25, 1534.
Sullivan Ch. Y., W.N. Ross 1979. Selecting for drought and heat resistance in grain sorghum. In: Mussel H., Staples R. (eds). Stress physiology in crop plant. J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 263–281.
Trapani N., E. Gentinetta 1984. Screening of maize genotypes using drought tolerance tests. Maydica, 29, 89–100.
Turner N.C. 1979. Drought resistance and adaptation to water deficit in crop plants. In Stress physiology in crop plants (eds) H. Mussel, and R.C. Staples, Wiley, New York, 343–372.
Turner N.C. 1986. Adaptation to water deficits: a changing perspective. Austr. J. Plant Physiol., 13, 175–190.
Winter S.R., J.T. Musick, K.B. Porter. 1988. Evaluation of screening techniques for breeding drought-resistant winter wheat. Crop Sci. 28, 512–516.
Wright L.N. 1971. Drought influence on germination and seedling emergence. In: Larson K.L., Eastin J.D., (eds), Drought injury and resistance in crops. Madison, WI, 19–44.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grzesiak, S. Genotypic variation between maize (Zea mays L.) single cross hybrids in response to drought stress. Acta Physiol Plant 23, 443–456 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-001-0055-4
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-001-0055-4