Abstract
We have successfully synthesized morpholinium ionic liquid-stabilized palladium (Pd) nanoparticles by electrochemical reduction. For characterization of Pd nanoparticles, FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed. The FT-IR spectrum of Pd nanoparticles indicated the surface binding of the IL to the nanoparticles. The UV-visible spectrum showed that nano-sized Pd particles were produced. The particle size was controlled by the adjustment of the current density, temperature, and electrolysis duration. The TEM images showed an average size of 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.9, 3.5, 3.9, and 4.5 nm. Nearly a 0.5 nm-sized control of the nanoparticle was achieved. The particle size increased with a decrease in the current density and an increase in temperature and electrolysis duration. The electron diffraction patterns of resulting nanoparticles indicated that the particles had a crystalline structure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Cao, in Nanostructures and nanomaterials, ICP, London, (2004). b) C. N. R. Rao, A. Müller and A. K. Cheetham, in The chemisty of nanomaterials, WILEY-VCH, Weinheim (2004).
M. T. Reetz and W. Helbig, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 7401 (1994).
M. T. Reetz, M. Winter, R. Breinbauer, T. Thum-Albrecht and W. Vogel, Chem. Eur. J., 7, 1084 (2001).
The electrochemical window of tetrabutylammonium bromide ranged from −2.0 to 0.5 V vs. Ag/Ag+.
K.-S. Kim, S. Choi, D. Demberelnyamba, H. Lee, J. Oh, B.-B. Lee and S.-J. Mun, Chem. Commun., 828 (2004). b) K.-S. Kim, S.-Y. Park, S.-H. Yeon and H. Lee, Electrochimica Acta, 50, 5673 (2005). c) S.-H. Yeon, K.-S. Kim, S. Choi, H. Lee, H. S. Kim and H. Kim, Electrochimica Acta, 50, 5399 (2005). d) S.-H. Yeon, K.-S. Kim, S. Choi, J.-H Cha and H. Lee, J. Phys. Chem B, 109, 17928 (2005). e) K.-S. Kim, B.-K. Shin, H. Lee and F. Ziegler, Fluid Phase Equilibia, 218, 215 (2004). f) T. Welton, Chem. Rev., 99, 2071 (1999). g) K. N. Marsh, A. Deev, ACT Wu, E. Tran and A. Klamt, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 19, 357 (2002). h) Y. Tsukada, K. Iwamoto, H. Furutani, Y. Matsushita, Y. Abe, K. Matsumoto, K. Monda, S. Hayase, M. Kawatsura and T. Itoh, Tetrahedron Lett., 47, 1801 (2006). i) K.-S. Kim, S.-Y. Park, S. Choi and H. Lee, J. Power Sources, 155, 385 (2006). j) S. Choi, K.-S. Kim, H. Lee, J. S. Oh and B. B. Lee, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22, 281 (2005). k) J.-H. Cha, K.-S. Kim, S. Choi, S.-H. Yeon, H. Lee, H. S. Kim and H. Kim, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22, 945 (2005). l) K.-S. Kim, D. Demberelnyamba, B.-K. Shin, S.-H. Yeon, S. Choi, J.-H. Cha, H. Lee, C.-S. Lee and J.-J. Shim, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23, 113 (2006).
K. R. Seddon, A. Stark and M.-J. Torres, Pure Appl. Chem., 72, 2275 (2000).
J. Dupont, G. S. Fonseca, A. P. Umpierre, P. F. P. Fichtner and S. R. Teixeira, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 4228 (2002). b) J. Huang, T. Jiang, B. Han, H. Gao, Y. Chang, G. Zhao and W. Wu, Chem. Commun., 1654 (2003). e) Y.-J. Zhu, W.-W. Wang, R.-J. Qi and X.-L. Hu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 43, 1410 (2004). f) K.-S. Kim, S. Choi, J.-H. Cha, S.-H. Yeon and H. Lee, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 1315 (2006).
K.-S. Kim, D. Demberelnyamba and H. Lee, Langmuir, 20, 556 (2004). b) K.-S. Kim, D. Demberelnyamba, S.-H. Yeon, S. Choi, J.-H Cha and H. Lee, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22, 717 (2005).
H. Bönnemann and R. M. Richards, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2455 (2001).
The electrochemical window of [Mor1,4][BF4] ranged from −2.6 to 3.8 V vs. Ag/Ag+.
J. A. Creighton and D. S. Eadon, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 87, 3881 (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cha, JH., Kim, KS., Choi, S. et al. Size-controlled electrochemical synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using morpholinium ionic liquid. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 24, 1089–1094 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-007-0126-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-007-0126-3