Abstract
Industrial and vehicular emissions of particles cause multiple damages to human health due to concentration, size, and composition. These emissions contain magnetic particles; therefore, low-cost properties allow tracking and monitoring them. This study is aimed at identifying the primary sources of magnetic material in 100 samples of urban road dust from San Luis Potosí, Mexico, analyzing the influence of land use and the type of road on these particles. Magnetic susceptibility (χlf) and isothermal remanent magnetization at 0.7 T (IRM0.7T) were determined, as well as the iron and manganese content using X-ray fluorescence. The distribution of particles was examined by land use and type of road through geostatistical maps and variance analysis. The results showed that the iron and manganese content, χlf, and IRM0.7T were positively correlated, indicating a possible common origin. The primary sources identified were the iron smelter and laminator in the industrial park. Urban land use influenced the content of iron, manganese, and magnetic material in urban road dust. The land uses with the more significant transformation (industrial and mixed) presented the highest values of iron, manganese, χlf, and IRM0.7T. On the other hand, vehicular traffic was indirectly assessed through the type of road, influencing the magnetic signal of urban road dust and finding the highest signals in primary and secondary roads. Then, the magnetic properties allowed the tracking and monitoring of magnetic particles from industrial and vehicle emissions.
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Acknowledgments
Thanks are due to José Luis Cortés, Ruben Cejudo-Ruíz, Marco Anyelo Cazarez-Barboza, Alexander Sanchez-Duque, and Daniel Aguilar for their help in the field and laboratory work. Anahi Aguilera appreciates the economic support of CONACYT for the master’s program fellowship.
Funding
This study was financially supported by the National Council of Science and Technology project CB-2016-283135 and the projects PAPIIT IA203713 and IN209218.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Anahi Aguilera performed material preparation, data collection, and analysis. Anahi Aguilera wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Aguilera, A., Morales, J.J., Goguitchaichvili, A. et al. Spatial distribution of magnetic material in urban road dust classified by land use and type of road in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Air Qual Atmos Health 13, 951–963 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00851-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00851-5