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Interactions of a Low Molecular Weight Inhibitor from Streptomyces sp. MBR04 with Human Cathepsin D: Implications in Mechanism of Inactivation

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Abstract

Cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartic protease, is of potential interest as a target for drug design due to its implication in breast and ovarian cancer. The article reports a low molecular weight cathepsin D inhibitor from Streptomyces sp. MBR04. The Mr of the inhibitor was 1,078 Da as determined by MALDI-TOF, and the amino acid analysis showed the presence of Asp, Asp, Gly, Ala, Lys, Leu, Tyr, Trp residues. The steady-state kinetic interactions revealed reversible, competitive, slow-tight-binding nature of the inhibitor with an IC50 and K i values of 3.2 and 2.5 nM, respectively. The binding of the inhibitor with the enzyme and the subsequent conformational changes were monitored by exploiting the intrinsic fluorescence of the surface exposed Trp-54 residue. Based on the fluorescence and circular dichroism studies, we demonstrate that the inhibitor binds to the active site of cathepsin D and causes inactivation. All these kinetic, thermodynamic, and quenching studies suggest that the newly isolated peptidic inhibitor could be a potential scaffold to study and can be used to develop new potent therapeutic lead molecule for the development of drugs. The inhibitor will be significant as a potential lead molecule to target cathepsin D.

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Acknowledgment

MR and VM acknowledge the financial support and the senior research fellowship from CSIR Emeritus Scheme, Govt. of India, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India

    Vishnu Menon & Mala Rao

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  1. Vishnu Menon
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  2. Mala Rao
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Correspondence to Mala Rao.

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Menon, V., Rao, M. Interactions of a Low Molecular Weight Inhibitor from Streptomyces sp. MBR04 with Human Cathepsin D: Implications in Mechanism of Inactivation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 174, 1705–1723 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1009-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1009-9

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