Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E, selenium (Se), and a combination of the two, on the performance, serum metabolites and oxidative stability of skeletal muscle of broilers during heat stress. The broilers raised in either a thermoneutral (23.9°C constant) or heat stress (23.9°C to 37°C cycling) environment were assigned to 6 dietary treatments (0, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg Se; 125 and 250 mg/kg vitamin E; or 0.5 mg/kg Se plus 125 mg/kg vitamin E) from 1 to 49 days of age. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from chicks, the chicks sacrificed, and pectoralis superficialis muscle was used for measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The heat-stressed chicks consumed less feed, gained less weight, and had higher feed conversion ratio when compared to thermoneutral chicks (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were decreased by heat stress (P < 0.05), whereas the serum concentrations of copper (Cu), glucose, and uric acid were significantly increased under heat stress (P < 0.05). The chicks that received supplemental of vitamin E exhibited significantly higher serum concentrations of Zn (P < 0.05) and significantly lower concentrations of Cu, glucose, and uric acid (P < 0.05) when exposed to heat stress. Dietary Se also caused a significant decrease in serum glucose, uric acid, and Cu concentrations of heat-stressed broilers (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on Zn concentration (P > 0.05). The GPx activity remained relatively constant (P > 0.05), though SOD activity and MDA levels in skeletal muscle were enhanced on exposure to heat stress (P < 0.05). The heat-stressed chicks that received the combined supplementary level of vitamin E and Se had the lowest concentration of MDA and the highest activity of SOD in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.05). Dietary Se also caused a significant increase in enzyme activity of GPx in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the derangement of blood parameters and oxidative stability in broilers under heat stress are improved by supplemental vitamin E and Se.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ando M, Katagiri K, Yamamoto S, Wakamatsu K, Kawahara I, Asanuma S, Usuda M, Sasaki K (1997) Age-related effects of heat stress on productive enzymes for peroxides and microsomal monooxygenase in rat liver. Environ Health Perspect 105:726–733
Azad MAK, Kikusato M, Maekawa T, Shirakawa H, Toyomizu M (2010) Metabolic characteristics and oxidative damage to skeletal muscle in broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A 155:401–406
Borek C, Ong A, Mason H, Donahue BJE (1986) Selenium and vitamin E inhibit radiogenic and chemically induced transformation in vitro via different mechanisms. Proc Nat Acad Sci 83:1490–1494
Bradford M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle protein-dye bonding. Anal Biochem 102:248–254
Cheng TK, Coon CN, Hamare ML (1990) Effect of environmental stress on the ascorbic acid requirement of laying hens. Poult Sci 69:774–780
Diplock AT (1995) Safety of antioxidant vitamins and β-carotene. Am J Clin Nutr 62:1510S–1516S
Fan C, Yu B, Chen D (2009) Effects of different sources and levels of selenium on performance, thyroid function and antioxidant status in stressed broiler chickens. Int J Poult Sci 8:583–587
Finkel T, Holbrook NJ (2000) Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature 408:239–247
Flanagan SW, Moseley PL, Buettner GR (1998) Increased flux of free radicals in cells subjected to hyperthermia: detection by electron paramagnetic resonances spin trapping. FEBS Lett 431:285–286
Gao J, Lin H, Wang XJ, Song ZG, Jiao HC (2010) Vitamin E supplementation alleviates the oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone treatment and improves meat quality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 89:318–327
Grashorn MA (2007) Functionality of poultry meat. J Appl Poult Res 16:99–106
Grau A, Codony R, Grimpa S, Baucells MD, Guardiola F (2001) Cholesterol oxidation in frozen dark chicken meat: influence of dietary fat source and α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid supplementation. Meat Sci 57:197–208
Halliwell B (1988) Albumin—an important extracellular antioxidant. Biochem Pharmacol 37:569–571
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC, Cross CE (1992) Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: where are we now? J Lab Clin Med 119:598–620
Jensen C, Engberg R, Jakobsen K, Skibsted LH, Bertelsen G (1997) Influence of the oxidative quality of dietary oil on broiler meat storage stability. Meat Sci 47:211–222
Lin H, Decuypere E, Buyse J (2004) Oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) 1. Chronic exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol B 139:737–744
Lin H, Decuypere E, Buyse J (2006) Acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A 144:11–17
Machlin LJ (1991) Vitamin E. In: Machlin LJ (ed) Handbook of vitamins. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 99–114
Mahmoud KZ, Edens FW, Eisen EJ, Havenstein GB (2004) Ascorbic acid decreases heat shock protein 70 and plasma corticosterone response in broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) subjected to cyclic heat stress. Comp Biochem Physiol B 137:35–42
Marsh JA, Dietert RR, Combs GF (1981) Influence of dietary selenium and vitamin E on the humoral immune response of the chick. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 66:228–236
Malheiros RD, Moraes VMB, Collin A, Janssens GPJ, Decuypere E, Buyse J (2003) Dietary macronutrients, endocrine functioning and intermediary metabolism in broiler chickens: pair wise substitutions between protein, fat and carbohydrate. Nutr Res 23:567–578
Mujahid A, Akiba Y, Toyomizu M (2009) Olive oil-supplemented diet alleviates acute heat stress-induced mitochondrial ROS production in chicken skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297:R690–R698
Mujahid A, Pumford NR, Bottje W, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T, Akiba Y, Toyomizu M (2007) Mitochondrial oxidative damage in chicken skeletal muscle induced by acute heat stress. Poult Sci 44:439–445
NRC (1994) Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th edn. National Academy Press, Washington
Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351–358
Nanari MC, Hewavitharana AK, Beca C, de Jong S (2004) Effect of dietary tocopherols and tocotrienols on the antioxidant status and lipid stability of chicken. Meat Sci 68:155–162
Ryu YC, Rhee MS, Lee MH, Lee SK, Kim BC (2006) Effects of packaging methods on the meat quality of α-tocopherol supplemented broiler chicks during refrigerated storage. Food Sci Biotechnol 15:248–253
Sahin K, Kucuk O (2001) Effects of vitamin E and selenium on performance, digestibility of nutrients and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under heat stress (34°C). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 85:342–348
Sahin K, Sahin N, Onderci M, Yaralioglu S, Kucuk O (2001) Protective role of supplemental vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, vitamins E, A and some mineral concentrations of broilers reared under heat stress. Vet Med Czech 46:140–144
Sahin K, Sahin N, Yaralioglu S, Onderci M (2002) Protective role of supplemental vitamin E and selenium on lipid peroxidation, vitamin E, vitamin A, and some mineral concentrations of Japanese quails reared under heat stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 85:59–70
Sandercock DA, Hunter RR, Nute GR, Hocking PM, Mitchell MA (2001) Acute heat stress-induced alterations in blood acid–base status and skeletal muscle membrane integrity in broiler chickens at two ages: implications for meat quality. Poult Sci 80:418–425
SAS Institute (2003) SAS Users Guide. Version 9.1 reviews. SAS Institute Inc, Cary
Siegel HS, van Kampen M (1984) Energy relationships in growing chickens given daily injections of corticosterone. Br Poult Sci 25:477–485
Simoyi MF, Falkenstein E, Dyke KV, Blemings KP, Klandorf H (2003) Allantoin, the oxidation production of uric acid is present in chicken and turkey plasma. Comp Biochem Physiol B 135:325–335
Swain BK, Johri TS, Majumdar S (2000) Effect of supplementation of vitamin E, selenium and their different combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers. Br Poult Sci 41:287–292
Wang RR, Pan XJ, Peng ZQ (2009) Effects of heat exposure on muscle oxidation and protein functionalities of pectoralis majors in broiler. Poult Sci 88:1078–1084
Yoon I, Werner TM, Butler JM (2007) Effect of source and concentration of selenium on growth performance and selenium retention in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 86:727–730
Young JF, Stagsted J, Jensen SK, Karlsson AH, Henckel P (2003) Ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and oregano supplements reduce stress-induced deterioration of chicken meat quality. Poult Sci 82:1343–1351
Yu BP (1994) Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species. Physiol Rev 74:139–162
Zulkifli I, Al-Aqil A, Omar AR, Sazili AQ, Rajion MA (2009) Crating and heat stress influence blood parameters and heat shock protein 70 expression in broiler chickens showing short or long tonic immobility reactions. Poult Sci 88:471–476
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Department of Animal Science, the Razi University, Kermanshah Iran for providing the research facility, and Kiadane Company, Kermanshah for providing vitamin E and Se.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghazi Harsini, S., Habibiyan, M., Moeini, M.M. et al. Effects of Dietary Selenium, Vitamin E, and Their Combination on Growth, Serum Metabolites, and Antioxidant Defense System in Skeletal Muscle of Broilers Under Heat Stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 148, 322–330 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9374-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9374-0