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Inhalation of Simulated Smog Atmospheres Affects Cardiac Function in Mice

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Abstract

The health effects of individual criteria air pollutants have been well investigated. However, little is known about the health effects of air pollutant mixtures that more realistically represent environmental exposures. The present study was designed to evaluate the cardiac effects of inhaled simulated smog atmospheres (SA) generated from the photochemistry of either gasoline and isoprene (SA-G) or isoprene (SA-Is) in mice. Four-month-old female mice were exposed for 4 h to filtered air (FA), SA-G, or SA-Is. Immediately and 20 h after exposure, cardiac responses were assessed with a Langendorff preparation using a protocol consisting of 20 min of global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured by index of left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and cardiac contractility (dP/dt) before ischemia. Pre-ischemic LVDP was lower in mice immediately after SA-Is exposure (52.2 ± 5.7 cm H2O compared to 83.9 ± 7.4 cm H2O after FA exposure; p = 0.008) and 20 h after SA-G exposure (54.0 ± 12.7 cm H2O compared to 79.3 ± 7.4 cm H2O after FA exposure; p = 0.047). Pre-ischemic left ventricular contraction dP/dtmax was lower in mice immediately after SA-Is exposure (2025 ± 169 cm H2O/sec compared to 3044 ± 219 cm H2O/sec after FA exposure; p < 0.05) and 20 h after SA-G exposure (1864 ± 328 cm H2O/sec compared to 2650 ± 258 cm H2O/sec after FA exposure; p = 0.05). In addition, SA-G reduced the coronary artery flow rate 20 h after exposure compared to the FA control. This study demonstrates that acute SA-G and SA-Is exposures decrease LVDP and cardiac contractility in mice, indicating that photochemically-altered atmospheres affect the cardiovascular system.

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Abbreviations

AQHI:

Health-based integrated air quality index

FA:

Filtered air

HC:

Hydrocarbons

LVDP:

Left-ventricular developed pressure

MPAN:

Peroxymethacrylic nitric anhydride

NO2 :

Nitrogen dioxide

O3 :

Ozone

PAN:

Peroxyacetic nitric anhydride

PM:

Particulate matter

POA:

Primary organic aerosol

PPN:

Peroxypropionic nitric anhydride

SA:

Simulated smog atmospheres

SOA:

Secondary organic aerosol

VOC:

Volatile organic compound

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Drs. Mehdi Hazari and Daiwen Kang for careful review of the manuscript.

Disclaimer

The research described in this article has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA, and approved for publication. The contents of this article should not be construed to represent Agency policy nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

Funding

The US Environmental Protection Agency Intramural Research Program supported this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA

    Haiyan Tong, Q. Todd Krantz, Charly King, M. Ian Gilmour & Stephen H. Gavett

  2. Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA

    Jonathan D. Krug

  3. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

    Marie M. Hargrove

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  1. Haiyan Tong
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Correspondence to Haiyan Tong.

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Tong, H., Krug, J.D., Krantz, Q.T. et al. Inhalation of Simulated Smog Atmospheres Affects Cardiac Function in Mice. Cardiovasc Toxicol 18, 569–578 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-018-9469-8

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