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Performance of WRF-Chem over Indian region: Comparison with measurements

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Abstract

The aerosol mass concentrations over several Indian regions have been simulated using the online chemistry transport model, WRF-Chem, for two distinct seasons of 2011, representing the pre-monsoon (May) and post-monsoon (October) periods during the Indo–US joint experiment ‘Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment (GVAX)’. The simulated values were compared with concurrent measurements. It is found that the model systematically underestimates near-surface BC mass concentrations as well as columnar Aerosol Optical Depths (AODs) from the measurements. Examining this in the light of the model-simulated meteorological parameters, we notice the model overestimates both planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and surface wind speeds, leading to deeper mixing and dispersion and hence lower surface concentrations of aerosols. Shortcoming in simulating rainfall pattern also has an impact through the scavenging effect. It also appears that the columnar AODs are influenced by the unrealistic emission scenarios in the model. Comparison with vertical profiles of BC obtained from aircraft-based measurements also shows a systematic underestimation by the model at all levels. It is seen that concentration of other aerosols, viz., dust and sea-salt are closely linked with meteorological conditions prevailing over the region. Dust is higher during pre-monsoon periods due to the prevalence of north-westerly winds that advect dust from deserts of west Asia into the Indo-Gangetic plain. Winds and rainfall influence sea-salt concentrations. Thus, the unrealistic simulation of wind and rainfall leads to model simulated dust and sea-salt also to deviate from the real values; which together with BC also causes underperformance of the model with regard to columnar AOD. It appears that for better simulations of aerosols over Indian region, the model needs an improvement in the simulation of the meteorology.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) for the Research Data Archive. Authors wish to thank the British Atmospheric Data Centre, for the TOMS aerosol index data. They also like to thank GVAX project team for their help in setting up the model. Computations were conducted on the DST-FIST supported computational cluster.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India

    Gaurav Govardhan, Ravi S Nanjundiah & S K Satheesh

  2. Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India

    Ravi S Nanjundiah & S K Satheesh

  3. Indian Space Research Organization Headquarters, Bengaluru, 560 231, India

    K Krishnamoorthy

  4. Climate Research Section, Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States

    V R Kotamarthi

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  1. Gaurav Govardhan
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Correspondence to Ravi S Nanjundiah.

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Govardhan, G., Nanjundiah, R.S., Satheesh, S.K. et al. Performance of WRF-Chem over Indian region: Comparison with measurements. J Earth Syst Sci 124, 875–896 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-015-0576-7

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