Empirical formula for beta-particle-induced bremsstrahlung yields

Abstract

We have measured the $\beta$-particle-induced bremsstrahlung energy yield and photon yield in the energy range 0.1668–2.274 MeV using beta sources such as $^{\mathrm {35}}\hbox {S}$ (0.1668), $^{\mathrm {99}}\hbox {Tc}$ (0.293), $^{\mathrm {147}}\hbox {Pm}$ (0.225), $^{\mathrm {90}}\hbox {Sr}$ (0.5462), $^{\mathrm {204}}\hbox {Tl}$ (0.76), $^{\mathrm {91}}\hbox {Y}$ (1.5), $^{\mathrm {32}}\hbox {P}$ (1.71) and $^{\mathrm {90}}\hbox {Y}$ (2.274 MeV) in thick targets of atomic number range $13<Z<83$. We have used a NaI(Tl) detector to measure the bremsstrahlung radiations. Based on the experimental results, we have constructed a semiempirical formula for $\beta$-particle-induced bremsstrahlung energy yield and photon yield. This formula produces bremsstrahlung energy yield and photon yield in the energy range $0.1668\,\hbox {MeV}< E_{\mathrm {max}}<2.274\hbox { MeV}$ for thick targets within the atomic number range $13<Z<83$. The values produced by the present formula are compared with the experiments.