Abstract
Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) appears to be an objective sensitive test of cochlear function. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DPOAE is an appropriate tool for assessment of minute changes in cochlea due to usage of antioxidant material. 48 workers exposed to continuous noise in a textile factory were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) The Control group (n = 16) received no antioxidant drugs, (2) The N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) group (n = 16) received oral antioxidant NAC (1200 mg/day), (3) The Ginseng group (n = 16) received oral antioxidant Ginseng (200 mg/day). All three groups had a follow-up period of 2 weeks. The cochlear changes were assessed using DPOAE test before starting the daily work shift on first and 15th day. The associations between groups and DPOAE amplitudes after 2 weeks were analyzed using linear regression analysis. Four separate models were fitted by side of ears and frequency. All models were adjusted for baseline amplitude. Reduced (better) amplitude at DPOAE test was found for NAC and Ginseng groups at high frequencies (4 and 6 kHz) in both ears after 2 weeks compared to control group. Moreover, NAC group showed better DPOAE amplitude than Ginseng group. In conclusion, DPOAE seems to be an appropriate tool in assessing minute changes in the cochlea after antioxidant drugs administration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rabinowitz PM (2000) Noise-induced hearing loss. Am Fam Physician 61(9):2749–2756 59–60. PubMed PMID: 10821155
Henderson D, Bielefeld EC, Harris KC, Hu BH (2006) The role of oxidative stress in noise-induced hearing loss. Ear Hear 27(1):1–19 PubMed PMID: 16446561
Prasher D, Sulkowski W (1999) The role of otoacoustic emissions in screening and evaluation of noise damage. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 12(2):183–192 PubMed PMID: 10465908
Henderson D, McFadden SL, Liu CC, Hight N, Zheng XY (1999) The role of antioxidants in protection from impulse noise. Ann N Y Acad Sci 28(884):368–380 PubMed PMID: 10842607
Fredelius L (1988) Time sequence of degeneration pattern of the organ of corti after acoustic overstimulation. A transmission electron microscopy study. Acta Otolaryngol 106(5–6):373–385 PubMed PMID: 3207005
Hamernik RP, Henderson D (1974) Impulse noise trauma. A study of histological susceptibility. Arch Otolaryngol 99(2):118–121 PubMed PMID: 4809938
Muller J, Janssen T (2008) Impact of occupational noise on pure-tone threshold and distortion product otoacoustic emissions after one workday. Hear Res 246(1–2):9–22 PubMed PMID: 18848612
Attias J, Horovitz G, El-Hatib N, Nageris B (2001) Detection and clinical diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss by otoacoustic emissions. Noise Health 3(12):19–31 PubMed PMID: 12678938
Hall AJ, Lutman ME (1999) Methods for early identification of noise-induced hearing loss. Audiology 38(5):277–280 PubMed PMID: 10548376
Marshall LLM, Lapsley Miller JA, Heller LM (2001) Distortion product otoacoustic emissions as a screening tool for noise-induced hearing loss. Noise Health 3:43–60
Janssen TB, Mikusch-Buchberg P, Raczek J (2005) Investigation of potential effects of cellular phones on human auditory function by means of distortion product otoacoustic emissions. J Acoust Soc Am 117:1241–1247
Probst RL-M, Martin BL, Martin GK (1991) A review of otoacoustic emissions. J Acoust Soc Am 89:2027–2067
Lorito G, Giordano P, Prosser S, Martini A, Hatzopoulos S (2006) Noise-induced hearing loss: a study on the pharmacological protection in the Sprague Dawley rat with N-acetyl-cysteine. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 26(3):133–139 PubMed PMID: 17063982. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2639963
McFadden SL, Woo JM, Michalak N, Ding D (2005) Dietary vitamin C supplementation reduces noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. Hear Res 202(1–2):200–208 PubMed PMID: 15811712
Meister A (1991) Glutathione deficiency produced by inhibition of its synthesis, and its reversal; applications in research and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 51(2):155–194 PubMed PMID: 1784629
Choung YH, Kim SW, Tian C, Min JY, Lee HK, Park SN et al (2011) Korean red ginseng prevents gentamicin-induced hearing loss in rats. Laryngoscope 121(6):1294–1302 PubMed PMID: 21541943
Kang W (2010) Ingestion of Korean Red ginseng after noise exposure can potentiate rapid recovery of hearing in mice. J Ginseng Res 34(4):336–341
Korres GS, Balatsouras DG, Tzagaroulakis A, Kandiloros D, Ferekidou E, Korres S (2009) Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in an industrial setting. Noise Health 11(43):103–110 PubMed PMID: 19414930
Boger ME, Sampaio AL, Oliveira CA (2012) Otoacoustic emissions in normal-hearing workers exposed to different noise doses. Int Tinnitus J 17(1):74–79 PubMed PMID: 23906832
Lonsbury-Martin BL, Martin GK, Probst R, Coats AC (1987) Acoustic distortion products in rabbit ear canal. I. Basic features and physiological vulnerability. Hear Res 28(2–3):173–189 PubMed PMID: 3654388
Yamasoba T, Harris C, Shoji F, Lee RJ, Nuttall AL, Miller JM (1998) Influence of intense sound exposure on glutathione synthesis in the cochlea. Brain Res 804(1):72–78 PubMed PMID: 9729286
Ohinata Y, Miller JM, Schacht J (2003) Protection from noise-induced lipid peroxidation and hair cell loss in the cochlea. Brain Res 966(2):265–273 PubMed PMID: 12618349
Gates GA, Schmid P, Kujawa SG, Nam B, D’Agostino R (2000) Longitudinal threshold changes in older men with audiometric notches. Hear Res 141(1–2):220–228 PubMed PMID: 10713509
Cooper JC, Owen JH (1976) Audiologic profile of noise-induced hearing loss. Arch Otolaryngol 102(3):148–150 PubMed PMID: 1267690
Lin CY, Wu JL, Shih TS, Tsai PJ, Sun YM, Ma MC et al (2010) N-Acetyl-cysteine against noise-induced temporary threshold shift in male workers. Hear Res 269(1–2):42–47 PubMed PMID: 20638463
Kramer S, Dreisbach L, Lockwood J, Baldwin K, Kopke R, Scranton S et al (2006) Efficacy of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in protecting ears exposed to loud music. J Am Acad Audiol 17(4):265–278 PubMed PMID: 16761701
Kang WC (2010) Ingestion of Korean Red Ginseng after noise exposure can potentiate on rapid recovery of hearing in mice. J Ginseng Res 34:336–341
Stover L, Gorga MP, Neely ST, Montoya D (1996) Toward optimizing the clinical utility of distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements. J Acoust Soc Am 100(2 Pt 1):956–967 PubMed PMID: 8759949
Whitehead ML, Lonsbury-Martin BL, Martin GK (1992) Evidence for two discrete sources of 2f1–f2 distortion-product otoacoustic emission in rabbit: I. Differential dependence on stimulus parameters. J Acoust Soc Am 91(3):1587–1607 PubMed PMID: 1564196
Acknowledgments
The authors thank to the staffs and workers of Azadi textile factory in Tehran for their assistance. This article was derived of PhD dissertation in Audiology course at University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran. This study was funded by University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Doosti, A., Lotfi, Y., Moosavi, A. et al. Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) as an Appropriate Tool in Assessment of Otoprotective Effects of Antioxidants in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 66, 325–329 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-014-0721-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-014-0721-7