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Assessing irrigation water quality in Faridpur district of Bangladesh using several indices and statistical approaches

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Abstract

Several water quality indices, i.e., salinity hazard (SH), sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelly’s ratio (KR) and irrigation water quality (IWQ) indices are applied to assess the irrigation water quality using 60 groundwater samples collected from the study sites. This study reveals that groundwater samples are mainly Ca-Mg-HCO3 types. The IWQ of groundwater with various classifications are also followed to assess the water suitability for irrigation purposes. Based on IWQ index, it is observed that 68.33% of the water samples (41 locations) belong to high suitability water type, whereas 30% (18 locations) samples exhibit low suitability type for irrigation purposes in the study area. Results of the classification (EC, SH, Na%, SAR, PI, MH, and KR) indicate that groundwater in the study areas are mainly fit for irrigation uses. Besides the above findings, Na+ and Cl− concentrations reveal the positively skewed and are regarded to be extreme. Furthermore, results shows that groundwater mineralization process and rock-water interaction are mainly controlled with bivariate plots of major ions in the study areas. Subsequently, these results are validated using multiple regression models and correlation analysis. The spatial distribution of irrigation indices is carried out by geostatistical modeling. The results of semivariagram model show that most of the irrigation indices have weakly spatial dependence, suggesting agricultural and residential influences. However, it has been expected that this paper helps to give insights for a better management of the groundwater resources for the agricultural purposes in the study area.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka and Centre for Water Resource Studies, Dalhousie University, Canada for providing some technical support during conducting this study and preparing the manuscript. The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments and perceptive suggestions that helped to improve the quality of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    A. R. M. Towfiqul Islam & Shuanghe Shen

  2. Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh

    A. R. M. Towfiqul Islam

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh

    MD Bodrud-Doza

  4. Depatment of Environmental Engineering, Dalhouise University, Halifax, NS, Canada

    M. Safiur Rahman

  5. Atmospheric & Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    M. Safiur Rahman

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  1. A. R. M. Towfiqul Islam
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Towfiqul Islam, A.R.M., Shen, S., Bodrud-Doza, M. et al. Assessing irrigation water quality in Faridpur district of Bangladesh using several indices and statistical approaches. Arab J Geosci 10, 418 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3199-2

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