Abstract
Effects of mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) on the solidification structure of 45# steel billet were investigated by examination of interdendritic corrosion. The results show that the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings increase from the edge of the billet to the center and decrease obviously with increasing electromagnetic torque, which will be beneficial to refine the solidification structure and enlarge the equiaxed crystal zone. The ratio of equiaxed crystal increases by 15.9% with the electromagnetic torque increasing from 230 to 400 cN·cm. The increase of stirring intensity can improve the cooling rate and the impact of M-EMS on it reduces from the edge of the billet to the central area, where the cooling rates are similar at different torques. The closer to the central area, the less the influence of M-EMS on the cooling rate is. The ratio of the primary to secondary dendrite arm spacing is approximately 2.0, namely, λ 1≈2λ 2, and is constant irrespective of the stirring intensity and position of the billet. Original position analysis (OPA) results indicate that the center segregation of the billet is greatly improved, and the more uniform and compact solidification structure will be obtained with the increase of stirring intensity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Z.C. Han, Electromagnetic Metallurgy, Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing, 2001, p.141.
Y. Yu, J.J. Liu, and H.C. Xu, Effect of M-EMS on quality of billet, Iron Steel, 40(2005), No.2, p.31.
K. Feng, D.F. Cheng, C.S. Xu, et al., Progress on research work to important characteristic parameters of dendritic microstructure formed during solidification process of concasting billet, Spec. Steel, 25(2004), No.3, p.1.
N.H. Pryds and X. Huang, The Effect of cooling rate on the microstructures formed during solidification of ferritic steel, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 31(2000), No.12, p.3155.
A.M. Zhao, W.M. Mao, and C.L. Cui, Effects of electromagnetic stirring on solidification structure of spring steel castings, J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing (in Chinese), 22(2000), No.2, p.134.
S.Q. Di, and Y.J. Wei, Metal dendrite growth behavior, J. Shandong Univ. Technol, 27(1997), No.2, p.181.
K.P. Yong, and D.H. Kirkwood, The dendrite arm spacing of aluminum copper solidified under steady-state conditions, Metall. Trans. A, 6(1975), p.197.
R.N. Grugel, Secondary and tertiary dendrite arm spacing relationship in directionally Al-Si alloys, J. Mater. Sci., 28(1983), No.3, p.677.
J. Feng, W.Q. Chen, J. Han, et al., Effect of CC process parameters on secondary dendrite arm spacing of high carbon steel billets, Iron Steel, 41(2006), No.9, p.37.
B. Mao, J.M. Tao, and T.X. Jiang, A few important problems of electromagnetic stirring for continuous casting of billet, Steelmaking, 24(2008), No.4, p.16.
L. Beitelman, Effect of mold EMS design on billet casting productivity and product quality, Can. Metall. Q., 38(1999), No.5, p.301.
K.K. Cai, Casting and Solidification, Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing, 1987, p.84.
C. Cicutti and R. Boeri, On the relationship between primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing in continuous casting products, Scripta Mater., 45(2001), No.12, p.1455.
M.S. Yang, A.M. Zhao, W.M. Mao, et al., Electromagnetic stirring force field and microstructure evolution of semi-solid steel, J. Iron Steel Res., 15(2003), No.4, p.18.
J.M. Cabera-Marrero, V. Carreno-Galindo, R.D. Morales, et al., Macro-micro modeling of the dendritic microstructure of steel billets processed by continuous casting, ISIJ Int., 38(1998), No.8, p.812.
Y.M. Won and B.G. Thomas, Simple model of microsegregation during solidification of steels, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 32(2001), No.7, p.1755.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, Hj., Wei, N., Bao, Yp. et al. Effect of M-EMS on the solidification structure of a steel billet. Int J Miner Metall Mater 18, 159–164 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-011-0416-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-011-0416-y