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Running for time: circadian rhythms and melanoma

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Tumor Biology

Abstract

Circadian timing system includes an input pathway transmitting environmental signals to a core oscillator that generates circadian signals responsible for the peripheral physiological or behavioural events. Circadian 24-h rhythms regulate diverse physiologic processes. Deregulation of these rhythms is associated with a number of pathogenic conditions including depression, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer. Melanoma is a less common type of skin cancer yet more aggressive often with a lethal ending. However, little is known about circadian control in melanoma and exact functional associations between core clock genes and development of melanoma skin cancer. This paper, therefore, comprehensively analyses current literature data on the involvement of circadian clock components in melanoma development. In particular, the role of circadian rhythm deregulation is discussed in the context of DNA repair mechanisms and influence of UV radiation and artificial light exposure on cancer development. The role of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) enzyme and impact of melatonin, as a major output factor of circadian rhythm, and its protective role in melanoma are discussed in details. We hypothesise that further understanding of clock genes’ involvement and circadian regulation might foster discoveries in the field of melanoma diagnostics and treatment.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports grant (335-0000000-3532).

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia

    Elitza P. Markova-Car, Nataša Ilić & Sandra Kraljević Pavelić

  2. Department for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinic for Surgery, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42a, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia

    Davor Jurišić

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  1. Elitza P. Markova-Car
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Correspondence to Elitza P. Markova-Car.

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Markova-Car, E.P., Jurišić, D., Ilić, N. et al. Running for time: circadian rhythms and melanoma. Tumor Biol. 35, 8359–8368 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-1904-2

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