Abstract
In this paper, we propose a cross-layer framework for joint routing and resource management for multi-radio infrastructure wireless mesh networks (WMNs). WMNs are emerging as promising wireless backhaul technology to connect various types of networks to the Internet. Multi-Channel Multiple-Radio capabilities of mesh routers in WMNs achieve high performance but introduce interference and can degrade QoS. Thus, the design of cross-layer routing metrics to improve the QoS has become an important research issue. The routing metrics proposed in the literature do not estimate the delay and interference collectively and accurately and lack the analytical model in their design. Thus, we design new routing metric called interference and delay-aware (IDA) metric based on analytical model. IDA estimates the delay using contention as well as transmission delay and inter-flow interference using the combination of logical and physical model. Furthermore, routing protocols use the per-flow-based scheduling mechanism for interface scheduling which incur a delay for multimedia traffic. Toward this, we propose a cross-layer framework by performing per-packet-based scheduling of multiple interfaces using the statistics collected by IDA metric. We implement cross-layer framework in Optimized Link State Routing Protocol using NS2. The results reveal that IDA routing metric performs better in terms of throughput and delay compared to interference-aware routing (iAWARE), contention-aware transmission time (CATT) and metric for interference and channel diversity (MIND). In addition, IDA-based framework for joint routing and interface scheduling provides delay guarantees compared to CATT-based framework reported in the literature.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akyildiz, I.F.; Xudong, W.: A survey on wireless mesh networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 43(9), 23–30 (2005)
Campista, M.; Esposito, M.; Moraes, M.; et al.: Routing metrics and protocols for wireless mesh networks. IEEE Netw. Mag. 22(1), 6–12 (2008)
Tehuang, L.; Wanjiun, L.: On routing in multichannel wireless mesh networks: challenges and solutions. IEEE Netw. 22(1), 13–18 (2008)
Mogre Parag, S.; Hollick; et al.: QoS in wireless mesh networks: challenges, pitfalls, and roadmap to its realization. In: 17th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio & Video, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA (2007)
Borges, V.C.; Curado, M.; Monteiro, E.: Cross-layer routing metrics for mesh networks: current status and research directions. Comput. Commun. 34(6), 681–703 (2011)
Asri, N.M.; Saqib, A.; et al.: A taxonomy of cross layer routing metrics for wireless mesh networks. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 177, 1–6 (2012)
Couto, D.; Douglas, S.; Daniel, A.; John, B.; Robert, M.: A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. Wirel. Netw. 11(4), 419–434 (2005)
Draves, R.; Padhye, J.; Zill, B.: Routing in multi-radio, multi-hop wireless mesh networks. In: Proceedings of ACM Mobicom, pp. 114–128 (2004)
Cheng, L.; Chen, C.; Ma, J.; Shu, L.; Chen, H.; Yang, L.T.: Residual Time aware forwarding for randomly duty-cycled wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, CSE ’09. pp. 79–86 (2009)
Subramanian P.; Buddhikot Milind, M.; Miller, S.: Interference aware routing in multi-radio wireless mesh networks. In: 2nd IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks, 2006. WiMesh, Virginia, USA, pp. 25–28 (2006)
Genetzakis M.; Siris, V.: A contention-aware routing metric for multi-rate multi-radio mesh networks. In: Proceedings of 5th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, SECON’08, San Francisco, California, USA, p. 242250 (2008)
Borges, V.; Pereira, D.; Curado, M.; Monteiro, E.: Routing metric for interference and channel diversity in multi-radio wireless mesh networks. J. Ad-Hoc Mobile Wirel. Netw. 5793, 5568 (2009)
Narayan, D.G.; Uma M.; Pavan, G.; Suraj, S.: CL-ILD : a cross layer interference-load and delay aware routing metric for multi-radio wireless mesh network. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computing, Networking and Security (ADCONS), India, pp. 181–186 (2013)
Wang, J.; Shi, W.; Yinlong, X.; Jing, F.: Uniform description of interference and load based routing metric for wireless mesh networks. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 18(1), 1–11 (2014)
Kyasanur, P.; Vaidya, N.: Routing and interface assignment in multichannel multi-interface wireless networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE WCNC (2005)
Raniwala, A.; Chiueh, T.: Architecture and algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based multi-channel wireless mesh network. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM (2005)
Riggio, R.; et al.: Interference and traffic aware channel assignment in WiFi-based wireless mesh networks. Ad Hoc Netw. 9(5), 864–875 (2011)
Wu, D.; Yang, S.H.; Bao, L.; Liu, C.H.: Joint multi-radio multi-channel assignment, scheduling, and routing in wireless mesh networks. Wirel. Netw. 20(1), 11–24 (2014)
Jin, F.; Arora, A.; et al.: Routing and packet scheduling in WiMAX mesh networks. Proc. Broadband Commun. Netw. Syst. BROADNETS 2007, 574–582 (2007)
Hu, Y.; Yang, S.; et al.: A new parallel scheduling system for multiple radio wireless mesh network. Front. Comput. Sci. China 3(4), 550–559 (2009)
Narayan, D.G.; Pavan, G.; Mudenagudi, U.: A novel cross layer routing and interface assignment in multi-radio wireless mesh network. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), pp. 620–625 (2013)
Köbel, C.; García, W.B.; Habermann, J.: Definition of an 802.11interface management process in a proposed system for transmission capacity enhancement in wireless mesh networks. J. Comput. Netw. Commun. 2015 (2015). doi:10.1155/2015/898365
IEEE Computer Society LAN MAN Standards Committee and others (1999). Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications.
Haitao, W.; Yong, P.; et al.: Performance of reliable transport protocol over IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN: analysis and enhancement. In: Proceedings of Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, INFOCOM 2002, pp. 599–607 (2002)
Giuseppe, B.: Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 18(3), 535–547 (2000)
Daniel, A.; John, B.; et al.: Link-level measurements from an 802.11b mesh network. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 34(4), 121–132 (2004)
Gupta, P.; Kumar, P.R.: The capacity of wireless networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 46(2), 388–404 (2000)
Thomas, C.; Philippe, J.: Optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR), RFC 3626 (2003). doi:10.17487/RFC3626, http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3626
Network Simulator Ns-2. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns. Accessed 12 August (2016)
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/~wlccordeiro/resources/olsr/. Accessed 12 August (2016)
Ns-2 with Wireless and Mobility Extensions, available via web-site http://www.monarch.cs.rice.edu/cmu-ns.html. Accessed 12 August (2016)
Huang, P.; Chen, H.; Xing, G.; Tan, Y.: SGF: a state-free gradient-based forwarding protocol for wireless sensor networks. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. (TOSN) 5(3), 14 (2009)
Ramanujan, S.K.; Dimitrios, K.: An experimental study of routing metrics in 802.11 n wireless mesh networks. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. 13(12), 2719–2733 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Narayan, D.G., Mudenagudi, U. A Cross-Layer Framework for Joint Routing and Resource Management in Multi-radio Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Networks . Arab J Sci Eng 42, 651–667 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2291-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2291-3