Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Scaffolding students’ opportunities to learn mathematics through social interactions

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Mathematics Education Research Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, we take a sociocultural perspective on teaching and learning to examine how teachers in an urban Algebra 1 classroom constructed opportunities to learn. Drawing on analyses of discourse practices, including videotaped classroom lessons as well as other classroom artifacts and telephone interviews, we describe ways that two teachers and their students interacted to develop mathematical understanding. Through descriptive narrative, we highlight practices that positioned students as competent mathematical thinkers and provided evidence of students' mathematical agency. This study suggests that critical awareness of discourse practices in conjunction with teacher mediation of other affordances for learning within the classroom environment might engage students in mathematical practices such as problem solving, explaining mathematical ideas, arguing for or against specific solutions to problems, and justifying mathematical thinking.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Ms. Brenner was a participant in the larger randomized study. Ms. Cho provided consent for video recording but did not participate in interviews.

References

  • Anghileri, J. (2006). Scaffolding practices that enhance mathematics learning. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 9, 33–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, C. V. (2008). Cultural diversity and white teacher scaffolding of student self-regulated learning in algebra classes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from http://etd.ohiolink.edu/

  • Berends, M., & Penaloza, R. (2010). Increasing racial isolation and test score gaps in mathematics: A 30-year perspective. Teacher College Record, 112(4), 978–1007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boaler, J., & Greeno, J. G. (2000). Identity, agency, and knowing in mathematical worlds. In J. Boaler (Ed.), Multiple perspectives on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 171–200). Stamford: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B., & Harré, R. (1990). Positioning: The discursive production of selves. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 20, 43–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frankenstein, M. (1995). Equity in mathematics education: Class in the world outside of class. In W. G. Secada, E. Fennema, & L. B. Adajian (Eds.), New directions for equity in mathematics education (pp. 165–190). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee, J. P. (2008). A sociocultural perspective on opportunity to learn. In P. A. Moss, D. C. Pullen, J. P. Gee, E. H. Haertel, & L. J. Young (Eds.), Assessment, equity, and opportunity to learn (pp. 76–108). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Greeno, J. G. (2003). Situative research relevant to standards for school mathematics. In J. Kilpatrick, W. G. Martin, & D. Schifter (Eds.), A research companion to principles and standards for school mathematics (pp. 304–332). Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gresalfi, M. S., Martin, T., Hand, V., & Greeno, J. (2009). Constructing competence: An analysis of student participation in the activity systems of mathematics classrooms. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 70, 49–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, D., Lachicotte, W., Skinner, D., & Cain, C. (2001). Identity and agency in cultural worlds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khisty, L. L. (2002). Mathematics learning and the Latino/a student: Suggestions from research for classroom practice. Teaching Children Mathematics, 9, 32–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, J., Swafford, J., & Findell, B. (Eds.). (2001). Adding it up: Helping children learn mathematics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubienski, S. T. (2000). Problem solving as a means toward mathematics for all: An exploratory look through a class lens. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 31(4), 454–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malloy, C. E. (2004). Equity in mathematics education is about access. In R. N. Rubenstein & G. W. Bright (Eds.), Perspectives on the teaching of mathematics (pp. 1–14). Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moses, R. P., & Cobb, C. E. (2001). Radical equations: Math literacy and civil rights. Boston: Beacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2009). The nation’s report card: Mathematics 2009 (NCES 2010–451). Washington, D.C.: Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1989). Curriculum and evaluation standards for school mathematics. Reston: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nystrand, M., Gamoran, A., Kachur, R., & Prendergast, C. (1997). Opening dialogue: Understanding the dynamics of language and learning in the English classroom. New York: Teacher College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nystrand, M., Wu, L. L., Gamoran, A., Zeiser, S., & Long, D. A. (2003). Questions in time: Investigating the structure and dynamics of unfolding classroom discourse. Discourse Processes, 35(2), 135–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira, A. (2010). Developing elementary teachers' understandings of hedges and personal pronouns in inquiry-based science classroom discourse. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 21(1), 103–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pape, S. J., Owens, S. K., Bell, C. V., Bostic, J. D., Kaya, S., & Irving, K. E. (2008). Classroom connectivity in mathematics and science achievement: Algebra I discourse codebook. GainesvilleFL: University of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pape, S. J., Bell, C. V., Owens, S. K., Bostic, J. D., Irving, K. E., Owens, D. T., Abrahamson, L., & Silver, D. (2010, May). Examining verbal interactions within connected mathematics slassrooms. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Denver, CO

  • Pape, S. J., Irving, K. E., Owens, D. T., Boscardin, C. K., Sanalan, V., Abrahamson, A. L., Kaya, S., Shin, H. S., & Silver, D. (2011). The impact of classroom connectivity in promoting Algebra I achievement: Results of a randomized control trial. American Educational Research Association New York, NY, Ohio State University: 50.

  • Schoenfeld, A. H. (2002). Making mathematics work for all children: Issues of standards, testing, and equity. Educational Researcher, 31, 13–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sierpinska, A. (1998). Three epistemologies, three views of classroom communication: Constructivism, sociocultural approaches, interactionism. In H. Steinbring, M. G. Bartolinni Bussi, & A. Sierpinska (Eds.), Language and communication in the mathematics classroom (pp. 30–62). Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tate, W. F. (1995). Returning to the root: A culturally relevant approach to mathematics pedagogy. Theory into Practice, 34, 166–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, D. (2007). Students’ critical awareness of voice and agency in mathematics classroom discourse. Mathematics Thinking and Learning, 9, 31–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, D., & Herbel-Eisenmann, B. (2009). Re-mythologizing mathematics through attention to classroom positioning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 72(1), 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wetherell, M., Taylor, S., & Yates, S. J. (2001). Discourse theory and practice: A reader. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yackel, E., & Cobb, P. (1996). Sociomathematical norms, argumentation, and autonomy in mathematics. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 27, 458–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Designs and methods. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Clare V. Bell.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bell, C.V., Pape, S.J. Scaffolding students’ opportunities to learn mathematics through social interactions. Math Ed Res J 24, 423–445 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-012-0048-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-012-0048-1

Keywords

Navigation