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Application of biosolvents for the extraction of anthocyanins from gülfatma flowers (Alcea apterocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss): optimization and stability approaches

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Abstract

The gülfatma flower (Alcea apterocarpa Fenzl Boiss) is used as remedy to treat many diseases since centuries. In this study, biosolvents such as glycerol, 1,3-butanediol, and ethyl alcohol were used extract and optimize anthocyanin s from gülfatma flower by applying the central composite of response surface methodology (RSM) considering temperature and amount of solvent as independent variables. The effects of independent variables on total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity were investigated. The optimum conditions were 85 °C and 85% for glycerol, 85 °C and 50.18% for 1,3-butanediol, and 75 °C and 55.18% for ethyl alcohol. Under these optimum conditions, the TAC was 8.38, 7.46, and 8.04 mg/g; DPPH free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) was 165.61, 188.55, and 206.99 mmol/g; and iron-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was 332.28, 437.54, and 265.79 mmol/g for glycerol, 1,3-butanediol, and ethyl alcohol, respectively. In addition, anthocyanin profiles were also investigated by HPLC at the optimum points. According to HPLC results, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin chloride were found in the extracts. After 7 weeks of storage at room temperature in the dark, the loss of anthocyanins was found to be 42.12% for glycerol, 75.87% for 1,3-butanediol, and 67.74% for ethyl alcohol. After 4 weeks of storage in the light, the loss of anthocyanin was recorded as 45.94% for glycerol, 96.25% for 1,3-butanediol, and 97.88% for ethyl alcohol. The anthocyanins were more lost under light and glycerol was found to exert more protective effect more anthocyanins in both dark and light.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Scientific Research Projects Office of Ondokuz Mayis University for funding this project (Grant Number PYO.MUH.1904.20.013).

Funding

This research has been granted by the Scientific Research Projects Office of Ondokuz Mayis University (Project Number: PYO.MUH.1904.20.010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey

    Ayşegül Özkan, Oscar Zannou, Hojjat Pashazadeh & Ilkay Koca

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  1. Ayşegül Özkan
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  2. Oscar Zannou
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Contributions

Ayşegül Özkan: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, visualization, writing—review and editing. Oscar Zannou: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Hojjat Pashazadeh: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Ilkay Koca: conceptualization, data curation, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, supervision, validation, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Oscar Zannou, Hojjat Pashazadeh or Ilkay Koca.

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Özkan, A., Zannou, O., Pashazadeh, H. et al. Application of biosolvents for the extraction of anthocyanins from gülfatma flowers (Alcea apterocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss): optimization and stability approaches. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03730-4

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