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Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes

  • Diabetes and Obesity (MR Carnethon, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is thought to arise from an interaction between susceptibility genes and a diabetogenic environment. This review summarizes progress pertaining specifically to gene-diet interactions. Recent efforts have been population-based and have focused on established genetic and dietary risk factors for T2D. TCF7L2 × carbohydrate-quality and IRS1 × macronutrient-composition interactions are promising factors, but most studies of gene-diet interactions are conflicting or need follow-up. T2D genetic risk scores are powerful predictors of developing T2D, but whether they can be combined with dietary risk factors merits further study. Lack of statistical power, imprecise diet measures, and conceptual issues surrounding replication all challenge our efforts to characterize interactions. Collaborations are needed for optimal study designs in both hypothesis-testing and hypothesis-generating contexts. Continued investment in studies of gene-diet interactions may lead to novel mechanistic insights into T2D, opportunities for risk stratification, and ultimately to personalized nutrition to prevent the disease.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to Pablo Larrea for assistance with extracting studies and relevant details referenced in this review.

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Marilyn C. Cornelis is supported, in part, by the American Diabetes Association Grant 7-13-JF-15.

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Marilyn C. Cornelis declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Marilyn C. Cornelis

  2. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Marilyn C. Cornelis

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Cornelis, M.C. Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Nutr Rep 3, 302–323 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-014-0095-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-014-0095-1

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