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Identification of potential soil adsorbent for the removal of hazardous metals from aqueous phase

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Abstract

The present study attempted to identify the efficient hazardous metal-removing sorbent from specific types of soil, upper and middle layer shirasu, shell fossil, tuff, akadama and kanuma soils of Japan by physico-chemical and metal (arsenic, cadmium and lead) removal characterizations. The physico-chemical characteristics of soil were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques, whereas metal removal properties of soil were characterized by analyzing removal capacity and sorption kinetics of potential metal-removing soils. The chemical characteristics revealed that all soils are prevalently constituted of silicon dioxide (21.83–78.58 %), aluminum oxide (4.13–38 %) and ferrous oxide (0.835–7.7 %), whereas calcium oxide showed the highest percentage (65.36 %) followed by silicon dioxide (21.83 %) in tuff soil. The results demonstrated that arsenic removal efficiency was higher in elevated aluminum oxide-containing akadama (0.00452 mg/L/g/h) and kanuma (0.00225 mg/L/g/h) soils, whereas cadmium (0.00634 mg/L/g/h) and lead (0.00693 mg/L/g/h) removal efficiencies were maximum in elevated calcium oxide-containing tuff soil. Physico-chemical sorption and ion exchange processes are the metal removal mechanisms. The critical appraisal of three metal removal data also clearly revealed cadmium > lead > arsenic order of removal efficiency in different soils, except in tuff and akadama soils followed by lead > cadmium > arsenic. It clearly signified that each type of soil had a specific metal adsorption affinity which was regulated by the specific chemical composition. It may be concluded that akadama would be potential arsenic-removing and tuff would be efficient cadmium and lead-removing soil sorbents.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Government of Japan for sponsoring the JSPS research grant (No. 20380181) to carry out the present study. The authors express their sincere thanks to K. Fuyukawa for helping in the collection of soil samples used in the experiment and to Dr. Yuhji Yamamoto for extending his kind cooperation in the XRD and SEM–EDS analysis.

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  1. J. N. Bhakta

    Present address: International Centre of Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741-235, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kochi University, B200, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan

    J. N. Bhakta

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan

    J. N. Bhakta & Y. Munekage

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  1. J. N. Bhakta
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Correspondence to J. N. Bhakta.

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Bhakta, J.N., Munekage, Y. Identification of potential soil adsorbent for the removal of hazardous metals from aqueous phase. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10, 315–324 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0116-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0116-9

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